Honda Manufacturing in Japan (1960)
Japan dominated the global shipbuilding in the 1980s late, fill more than half of all orders worldwide its closest competitors were South Korea and Spain with 9 percent and 5 2 percent market and 2 respectively.
The Japanese shipbuilding industry was hit by a long recession since the late 1970s through most of the 1980s, which resulted in a drastic reduction in the use of facilities and in the workforce, but there was a strong revival in 1989, the industry has been helped by a surge in demand from other countries who need to replace their aging fleets and a sudden drop in the south Korean shipping industry in 1988 Japanese shipbuilding companies received orders for 4 8 million gross tons of ships, but this figure rose to 7 one million gross tons in 1989 2.
Although facing competition from South Korea and China, Japan retains a successful manufacturing of advanced shipbuilding.
Japan lost its leading position in the industry in South Korea in 2004, and its market share has since fallen sharply 3 in total market share All the European countries has fallen to only a tenth of Korea South s, and outputs the United States and other countries have become negligible naval shipbuilding is dominated by US and European companies, however.
The aerospace industry has boomed in 1969 with the establishment of the National Space Development Agency now the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, which was responsible for the development of satellites and launchers 4.
The Japanese military industry, although a small share of GDP, is a major sector of the economy, it is technologically advanced and is very successful, and produced aircraft such as the new Mitsubishi hunter should be initiated.
The petrochemical industry experienced moderate growth in the 1980s delayed due to constant economic expansion The strongest growth came in the production of polystyrene and polypropylene plastic Prices of petrochemical products remains high due to demand increased in the new developing economies in Asia.
In 1990 the factory complex built for ethylene-based South Korean products and Thailand should increase supply and reduce long-term rates, the Japanese petrochemical industry is likely to the face of increased competition due to the integration of domestic and international markets and the efforts of other Asian countries to catch up with Japan.
Biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry have experienced strong growth in the 1980 end pharmaceutical production increased by about 8 percent in 1989 due to increased spending aging population of Japan quickly leading producers actively developed new drugs such as those for degenerative diseases and geriatric pharmaceutical companies were established tripolar networks connecting Japan to the United States and Western Europe to coordinate product development They also increased mergers and acquisitions abroad biotechnology research and development progressed steadily, including the launch of marine biotechnology projects with full scale marketing should take place in 1990.
Biotechnology is also used to improve the properties of bacterial enzymes to further enhance amino acid fermentation technology, an area in which Japan is the world leader The government warned the Japanese producers, however, against over-optimism regarding biotechnology and bio-industry in Japan the research race and abroad intensified in the 1980s, which led to conflicts of patents and forcing some companies to abandon the search as well, the researchers began to realize that drug development has shown ever new complexities, requiring more technical than first imagined breakthroughs yet despite these problems, research and development is still expected to succeed and end the marketing of products in the medium term.
In 2006, the Japanese pharmaceutical market was the second largest single market in the world with sales of 60 billion represents about 11 percent of the world market 5.
The Japanese pharmaceutical industry and the laws are very particular 6 They are governed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, which was created by a merger of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of labor, January 6, 2001 as part of the Japanese government program for government departments re-organization.
The automotive industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Japan, with large global shares in automotive electrical machinery parts, tires and engine manufacturing Japanese global automotive companies include.
Denso is the largest company in the manufacture of automotive components In addition, Honda Yamaha Suzuki and Kawasaki are global motorcycle companies in the world.
Japan is home to six of the ten largest car manufacturers in the world, for example, is home to multinationals such as Toyota Honda Nissan Suzuki and Mazda Some of these cross-over companies from different sectors such as electronics to produce electronic equipment some of them being part of keiretsu auto Japan are usually known for their durability, quality, energy efficiency and more features for a relatively lower price than their competitors.
Mitsubishi and Toyota Japanese automakers have had their patents violated by a number of Myanmar automakers, as UD Mandalay group Kyar Koe Kaung Yangon These companies produced Mitsubishi and Toyota products including Mitsubishi Pajero, vans Toyota Townace and various other types of Japanese cars under their own brands, such Khit Tayar Pajero Shwe Surfing, UD trucks and light trucks without license KKK.
In 1991, Japan produced 9 7 million cars making it the largest producer in the world; the United States this year have produced 5 4000000 Just under 46 percent of Japanese production was exported automobiles, other motor vehicles and auto parts vehicles were the largest class of Japanese exports throughout 1980 In 1991 they accounted for 17 8 percent of all Japanese exports, a meteoric rise from just 1 9 percent in 1960 with kaya being one of the largest exporters.
Fear of protectionism in the United States following the Arab oil embargo in 1973 when Japanese automakers began mass car export has led to substantial foreign direct investment in the United States by Japanese automakers at the end 1980, all major Japanese producers had automotive assembly lines operating in the Isuzu United States has a joint plant with Subaru; one of Toyota's plants in Alabama after the major assemblers, Japanese auto parts producers have also begun to invest in the United States in the 1980s the end, most Japanese auto parts are still manufactured in Japan.
Cars were discord area for Japan-US relations during the 1980s when oil prices increased demand for energy crisis in 1979 for small cars have increased, which has worked to the benefit of exports from Japan to the US market as the Japanese market share has increased to 21 8 percent in 1981, the pressure increased to limit imports from Japan the result of these pressures was a series of negotiations in early 1981, which produced a voluntary export agreement restricting deliveries from Japan to the United States at 1 68 million units excluding certain types of specialized vehicles and trucks This agreement remained in force for the rest of the decade, but the Japanese competition increased with new plants under construction and the export agreement is voluntary three major Japanese Toyota, Ni FNSS, Honda also sold like luxury automobiles in his BMW European counterparts, Audi, Mercedes, Jaguar when it was possible to generate profits - from the parent companies had a connotation as a manufacturer of econobox with their cars on the market mass, they established their autonomous luxury brand Lexus, Acura, Infiniti, where the parent company has marketed the same product as a Japanese national model JDM luxury brands sold initially for the US market can not have their own language identity or brand mark of its own since they are often associated with their parent companies.
Similar voluntary restrictions on Japanese exports were imposed by Canada and many Western European countries, however, the Japanese car competition has increased due to new construction in factories and export agreements are voluntary Since then, tensions have declined significantly in Canada and Western Europe, as the US restrictions repealed imports of Japanese cars Nissan has an assembly plant in Sunderland, England.
Foreign penetration of the automotive market in Japan was partially less successful because of the population density and limited space of the country foreign auto imports were very low during the forty years prior to 1985, not never exceeding 60,000 units per year, or 1 percent of the domestic market trade and investment barriers restricted imported auto to a negligible share of the market in the 1950s, and that the obstacles were eventually lowered, strong control over distribution networks makes penetration difficult major automakers in the United States has acquired minority stakes in some Japanese companies when investment restrictions were relaxed, Ford get 25 percent in Toyo Kogyo Mazda, General Motors 34 percent in Isuzu and Chrysler a 15 percent in Mitsubishi Motors This property has not provided a way for cars US to enter the Japanese market, and US automakers eventually get rid of an EIR actions of Japanese automakers One concern was that the US auto market sold Japan imposed a tax bracket because of design of the vehicle and engine size - which affected sales.
After the sharp appreciation of the yen in 1985, however, the Japanese demand for foreign cars increased, but most cars imported from Germany in 1988, auto imports totaled 150.629 units, 127,309 of which were only Europeans, mainly west German 21124 units were imported from the United States at that time.
Manufacture in Japan, manufacturing, Japan, competition has increased, growth late 1980s.