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Gorizia ɡorittsja listen using information Gorica Slovenian German Görz Friulian Guriza is a town in northern Italy, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia is situated at the foot of the Julian Alps bordering Slovenia is the capital of the province of Gorizia and a local center of tourism, industry and trade Since 1947, a twin city of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of modern Italian Slovenian border region has been the subject of territorial dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia after the Second World war after the new boundaries were established in 1947 and the old town was left in Italy, Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side Taken together, the two cities constitute a conurbation, which also includes the Slovenian municipality Šempeter-Vrtojba Since May 2011, the three cities together in a common cross-border metropolitan area, administ SOE by a board of directors joint 1.
Gorizia is located at the confluence of the Isonzo and Vipava valleys It lies on a plain dominated by the Gorizia Hills Sheltered from the north by a mountain ridge, Gorizia is protected against the Bora cold wind that affects most of the neighboring regions The city therefore has a mild Mediterranean climate throughout the year, making it a popular resort.
The name of the city comes from the Slovenian word meaning small hill Gorica, which is a very common place name in the Slovenian inhabited areas.
Originating as a watchtower or a prehistoric castle control fords the river Isonzo Gorizia appeared as a small village not far from the ancient Via Gemina Roman road between Aquileia and Emona modern Ljubljana The name of Gorizia was recorded for the first time in a document dated April 28, 1001, when Emperor Otto III donated the castle and the village of Goriza the Patriarch of Aquileia John II and Count Verihen Eppenstein Friuli Gorizia mentioned document known as the town Goriza under the name in the language of the Slavs Villa quae Sclavorum lingua vocatur Goriza.
Comte Meinhard of the Bavarian noble lineage Meinhardiner with goods around Lienz Tyrol was first mentioned in 1107; Vogt as the Patriarchate of Aquileia, he was enfeoffed with large areas of the former March of Friuli, including the city of Gorizia, and from 1127 was called Graf von Görz The county borders has frequently changed over the four centuries because of frequent wars with Aquileia and other counties, and also the division of the territory into two main cores around the upper Drava near Lienz, the other centered on Gorizia itself between the 12th century and in the early 16th century, the city has served as the political and administrative center of this essentially independent county of Gorizia, at the height of his power includes the territory of present regions Gorica southeast central Friuli Plateau Karst Istria and East Tyrol.
From the 11th century, the city had two different layers of development of upper castle district and the village below the first played a political and administrative role and the second rural commercial role.
The Leopold Gate, built in the late 17th century in honor of Léopold Ier, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1500 the dynasty of the counts of Gorizia extinguished and county passed to Habsburg rule in Austria, after a brief occupation by the Republic of Venice in 1508 and 1509 years under Habsburg rule, the city spread out at the foot of Castle many settlers from the north of Italy moved there and began their Gorizia trade developed in a multi-ethnic city, where Venetian Friulian German and Slovene was spoken.
In the mid 16th century, Gorizia has emerged as a center of the Protestant Reformation, which spread in parts of the northeast of neighboring Carniola and Carinthia The eminent Slovenian Protestant preacher Primož Trubar also visited and preached in the city late the century, but, against Catholic Reformation had gained strength in Gorizia, led by the local dean Janez Tavčar who later became Bishop of Ljubljana Tavčar has also contributed to the Jesuit order in the city, which has played a role in education and cultural life Gorizia thereafter.
Gorizia was first part of Görz County and since 1754 the Prince County city of Gorizia and Gradisca Regarding ecclesiastical matters, after removing the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1751, the Archdiocese of Gorizia was created as his legal successor to the territory of the monarchy of Hapsburg Gorizia has emerged as aroman Catholic religious center Archdiocese of Gorizia extended over a large area up to the Drava river to the north and east Kolpa, with the dioceses of Trieste Thirty Pedena Como and subject to the authority of the archbishop of Gorizia new town neighborhood developed around the cathedral where many treasures of the Basilica of Aquileia was transferred many new villas were built transport to the city typical baroque appearance of the end, which characterized him until World war IA synagogue was built dan s walls of the city, too, which was another example of Gorizia of relatively tolerant multi-ethnic character.
During the Napoleonic Wars Gorizia was incorporated in the French Illyrian provinces between 1809 and 1813 after the restoration of Austrian domination, Gorizia and its County were incorporated into the administrative unit known as the Kingdom of Illyria Over this time, Gorizia has emerged as a popular summer residence of Austrian nobility, and became known as the Nice of Austrian members of the former French ruling Bourbon family filed by the July Revolution of 1830, also settled in the city, including the last monarch Charles X of Bourbon who spent his last years in Gorizia Unlike most neighboring regions, the revolutionary spring of 1848 Nations passed almost unnoticed in Gorizia, reaffirming its reputation of a city quiet and faithful province.
The Strassoldo Palace, residence of the Bourbon family into exile.
Gorizia in the early 20th century Austria-Hungary.
In 1849, the county of Gorizia was included in the Austrian Littoral and Trieste and Istria in 1861, the territory was reorganized as the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca and granted a high degree of regional autonomy at the time Gorizia was a multi-ethnic city they spoke Italian and Slovenian Venetian Friulian and German in the city center, while in the Slovenian and Friulian suburbs ruled Although some tensions between the Italian-Friulian border and the Slovenian population were recorded, the city continued to maintain a relatively tolerant climate in which both Slovenian and Italian Friulian Culture flourished until World war
On the eve of the First World War, Gorizia had about 31,000 inhabitants and is thus the third largest city in the Austrian Littoral after Trieste and Pula Pola Another 14,000 people lived in the suburbs, making it among the most populated agglomerations Alpe-Adria region, before Maribor Klagenfurt Salzburg, Bolzano and Trento Within the limits of the city, around 48 of the population spoke Italian or Friulian against 35 Slovenian speakers in the suburbs, the Slovenian speakers reigned with 77 against a 21 Italian speakers Friulian.
Gorizia was not in the front line during the first 10 months of the First World War, but the first Gorizia victim of the war took place from August 10, 1914, when the Countess Lucy Christalnigg was shot by guards Landsturmer driving his car on a mission to the Austrian Red Cross 2.
Italy entered World War I on the Allied side and conflict with Austria-Hungary began May 24, 1915 The hills west of Gorizia soon became a landscape of fierce fighting between the Italian and Austro -hongroise the city itself was badly damaged and most of its inhabitants were evacuated in early 1916 the Italian army conquered Gorizia during the sixth battle of the Isonzo in August 1916, with the front line moving to the outskirts of the city with the Caporetto battle in October and November 1917, when the central powers pushed the Italians to the river Piave the city returned to the Austro-Hungarian control.
After Caporetto battle, political life in Austria-Hungary resumed Gorizia and became the subject of three competing political camps unified Slovenian nationalist parties who requested a Yugoslav semi-independent state under the House of Habsburg the Friulian conservatives and socialists Christians who requested a separate and autonomous Friuli is within an Austrian federation and the Italian irredentist movement working underground for the unification with Italy at the end of the First World war, in late October 1918 Slovenia unilaterally declared an independent state of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, while the Friuli continued to demand an autonomous region under Habsburg rule Gorizia became a disputed town in early November 1918, it was occupied by Italian troops again , which immediately dissolved the two competing authorities and presented their own ad Civil ministration.
In the early years of the Italian administration, Gorizia was included in the governorate of Julian March 1918 1919 In 1920, the city and the area became officially part of Italy's Autonomous County of Gorizia and Gradisca was dissolved in 1922 and in 1924, was annexed to the province of Udine then called the province of Friuli in 1927 Gorizia became a provincial capital in the region Julian March adiministrative During the fascist regime all Slovene organizations were dissolved and public use of the Slovenian language was forbidden Slovenian underground organizations with anti-fascist program and often irredentist, militant insurgency like TIGR organization was established after many Slovenes fled to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and America South, particularly in Argentina many of these emigrants became prominent in their new environments Very few Slovene speaking intellectuals and public figures decided to stay in the city, and the few that did, lik e the writer France Bevk were subjected to persecution.
The city, heavily damaged during World War II, was rebuilt in the 1920s according to plans drawn up by local architect Max Fabiani Several rationalist buildings were built during this period, including some beautiful examples of architecture fascist the boundaries of the city have been widened, absorbing suburban Salcano Solkan, Podgora, Lucinico and San Pietro di Gorizia Šempeter pri Gorici and settlements predominantly rural Vertoiba Vrtojba, Boccavizza Bukovica and Sant Andrea Štandrež according Italian census of 1921, the extended city had around 47,000 inhabitants, of which 45 were 5 Slovene origin, 33 Italian, mostly Venetian and 20 5 speakers Friulian.
Benito Mussolini visited the city twice in 1938 and in 1942.
After the Italian armistice in September 1943, the city was occupied by the little Slovenian partisan resistance, but soon fell under Nazi German administration between 1943 and 1945, it was incorporated in the operational area Adriatic Coast The city was briefly occupied by Yugoslav army in May and June 1945 with the arrival of Yugoslav partisans in Gorizia in May 1945 began a fierce repression against opponents or potential opponents of the regime at least 1,048 Italian soldiers and civilians lost 3 According to some historians, many murders and violence suffered by the Italian ethnic group in Gorizia and the rest of Friuli Venezia Giulia and the Yugoslav army have been committed as part of ethnic cleansing practiced by Tito Soon administration was transferred to the Allies ruled the city for more than two years, fierce ethnic community and political unrest.
On September 15 1947 the city was incorporated in Italy again several peripherical districts of the town Gorizia Solkan Pristava Rožna Dolina Kromberk Šempeter pri Gorici Vrtojba Stara Gora Ajševica Volčja Draga Bukovica Vogrsko were handed over to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the most of the former province of Gorizia around a half of the prewar area of the municipality of Gorizia, with an approximate 20 of the population, were annexed to Yugoslavia the national border was established close downtown, putting in Gorizia peripheral area several monuments such as the monastery of Kostanjevica Castle Kromberk shrine Sveta Gora, the old Jewish cemetery and the north station, remained on the other side of the border in 1948, the authorities of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia with the special support of President Josip Broz Tito began c uilding a new city called New Nova Gorica Gorizia their Ide s border.
From late 1940 onwards, Gorizia gave shelter to thousands of Italians who had to flee the Istrian areas annexed to Yugoslavia Many of those settled in the city, and had a role in the development of its identity national and political postwar.
Although a border city, Gorizia has not been crossed by the border with Yugoslavia as often erroneously asserted This image is mainly due to the presence of the Yugoslav territory of old buildings once belonging to Gorizia these include the former station railway line linking the city of Gorizia in Vienna Austro-Hungarian capital Although the situation in Gorizia was often compared to that of Berlin during the cold war Italy and Yugoslavia had good relations on Gorizia These cultural events and athletes included that fostered the spirit of harmonious coexistence that has remained in place after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991.
With the breakup of Yugoslavia, the border remained as the division between Italy and Slovenia to the implementation of the Schengen agreement by Slovenia December 21, 2007.
The castle, built in the medieval walls, was once the seat of the administrative and judicial power of the county is divided into the Corte dei Lanzi with foundings from a high tower demolished in the 16th century, the 13th century Palazzetto dei Conti and Palazzetto Veneto Lanzi were the armed guards, the term being an Italian form of Landsknecht the palatine chapel, entitled to the paintings of Saint Barthélemy houses of the Venetian school of painting and traces of Renaissance frescoes There is also a museum of Middle Goritian Age.
The cathedral originally built in the 14th century, like most buildings in the city was almost completely destroyed during World War 4 It was rebuilt according to the forms of the building in 1682, a baroque church with beautiful decoration stucco a Gothic chapel of San Acatius is attached to the nave.
The Gorizia Church of St Ignatius Loyola built by the Jesuits in 1680 1725 It has a single nave with precious sculptures from the altars of the side chapels in the presbytery Christoph Tausch painted a Glory of St. Ignatius in 1721.
Palazzo Attems Petzenstein 19th century, designed by Nicolò Pacassi.
The earls of the house of Lantieri, which housed the emperors and popes in history.
Palazzo Coronini Cronberg including an art gallery.
Rail square transalpina divided by an international boundary.
The Department of International and Diplomatic Sciences from the University of Trieste, organized in the Seminario Minore is a university course in foreign affairs.
The Victory Square Piazza della Vittoria, is the traditional center of the city.
The Italian-Slovenian border passes through the edge of Gorizia and Nova Gorica and there are several border crossings between cities The ease of movement between the two parts of the city depended largely on the policy of the two countries from controls strict total freedom of movement since December 21, 2007, when Slovenia joined the Schengen area.
Designated border crossings are Gorizia-Nova Gorica.
Casa main checkpoint International Crossing Rossa-Rožna Dolina.
Via San Gabriele-Erjavčeva ulica previously only for local traffic with passes, the nearest crossing the center Nova Gorica.
Via del Rafut-Pristava previously only for local traffic with passes.
San Pietro Via Vittorio Veneto Šempeter pri Gorici Goriška ulica.
Transalpina open pedestrian square Place dissected by the border that was once closed Place has never been an official way and signs have been erected to prevent people from crossing the square from one side to the other.
The main road crossing in Sant Andrea-Vrtojba is located near the southern city.
The graph shows the historical evolution of Gorizia population of the late 18th century to the eve of World War I, according to official Austrian census figures show the population of the municipality of Gorizia in boundiaries time criteria the definition of the ethnic structure changed over the years in 1789, only the religious affiliation of the population was taken into account; 1869 ethnicity was also recorded, with the Jews considered as a separate category; in 1880 the ethnicity category was replaced by mother tongue and from 1890 to 1910 that the German language daily communication Umgangsprache was recorded after 1869 Jews are registered as a religious community, in the official category of the Israelites data below are for the population in the current borders of the city.
Although the majority of the population identifies with the Italian Gorizia culture is a Friulian and Slovenian cultural center Before 1918, the trilingual Gorizia Grammar School was one of the most important educational institutions in the Slovene lands and for Italians in the Austrian Littoral citation needed.
Nowadays Gorizia hosts several important scientific and educational institutions University of Trieste and the University of Udine have some of their campuses and faculties located in Gorizia other international well-known institutes are the Institute of Gorizia International sociology Gorizia Central European Institute of cultural Encounters and the International university Institute for European studies.
Gorizia is also the site of a choral competition, the C A Seghizzi International Choir Competition, a member of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.
The majority of the population of Gorizia is Roman Catholic The city is the seat of the Archbishop of Gorizia, which was one of three legal descendants of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and the Patriarchate of Venice and Udine archdiocese Between mid-18th century and 1920, Gorizia was therefore at the center of a metropolitan diocese which included the dioceses of Ljubljana Trieste Porec-Pula and Krk Several important religious figures have lived and worked in Gorizia during this period, including Cardinal Jakob Missia Bishop Frančišek Borgia Sedej theologians Anton Mahnič and Josip Srebrnič and Franciscan friar and philologist Stanislav Škrabec.
There are many important Roman Catholic religious buildings in the area, including the Sanctuaries Sveta Gora Holy Mountain and Kostanjevica monastery both are now located in Slovenia.
Until 1943, Gorizia was also home to a small but significant Jewish minority citation needed The majority of its members, however, perished in the Holocaust A Lutheran community exists in Gorizia.
Villesse German car, German, Gorizia Gradisca County, Friuli-Venezia Giulia.