Wednesday, April 5, 2017

car bomb

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A bomb bomb car or truck also known under the original name of vehicle improvised explosive device VBIED, 1 is an improvised explosive device placed inside a car or other vehicle and exploded.
Car bombs can be roughly divided into two categories; some are used primarily to kill the occupants often as murder and others are used as a means to kill, injure or damage and the outside of the vehicle building latter type can be either parked car bomb disguised and allowing the bomber to go out or the vehicle can be used to deliver the bomb often as part of a suicide attack.
It is commonly used as a weapon of terrorism or guerrilla warfare to kill people near the site of the explosion or damage to buildings or other car bombs goods act as their own delivery mechanisms and can carry an amount relatively high explosives without attracting suspicion; in larger vehicles and trucks weighing at least 7,000 pounds 3,200 kg were used, 1 for example, in the Oklahoma City bombing car bombs are activated in a variety of ways, including opening the vehicle doors, engine starting, by pressing the accelerator or brake pedal or simply light a fuse or the fixing of a delay device 2 gas in the vehicle fuel tank can, by the explosion of the most powerful bomb dispersing and ignite the fuel.
A car bomb in Iraq, composed of a number of artillery shells hidden in the back of a van.
Car bombs are effective arms because they are an easy way to transport a large quantity of explosives to the intended target A car bomb also produces copious shrapnel or flying debris and minor damage to bystanders and buildings in recent years, car bombs have been widely used by suicide bombers citation needed.
The defense against vehicles is to keep the car bomb remotely vulnerable targets using roadblocks and Jersey barriers checkpoints concrete blocks or bollards metal barriers or hardening of buildings to withstand an explosion since the height the campaign of the provisional Irish Republican Army PIRA, entry Downing Street was closed, which prevents the general public to get close to Number 10 where large public roads pass close to buildings, road closures can be the only option, for example, in Washington, DC that part of Pennsylvania Avenue immediately in front of the white House is closed to traffic Historically, these tactics have encouraged potential bombers targeting soft targets or not protected in the markets 3.



In the Syrian Civil War, and Iraq, the concept of the car bomb was modified so as to be driven and detonated by a driver, but shielded to withstand fire entering the vehicle will be driven to its target area of similar to a Kamikaze plane WW2 These were known by the acronym SVBIED suicide vehicle Borne IEDs or VBIEDs This generally saw civilian cars with added armor that would protect the car as long as possible, so that it can achieve its intended targets cars were sometimes conducted in areas of enemy troops, or incoming enemy columns most often SVIEDs were used by ISIS against government forces, but also used by Syrian rebels FSA and allied militias against the troops government May 4.
The vehicles have become more sophisticated over time, with armor on the vehicle protected vision slots, shield on wheels so they resist being shot, and, in some cases, additional metal grids on front of the vehicle designed to activate rocket-propelled grenades before hitting the actual area of ​​the vehicle 6.
In some cases, trucks were also used, and the cars they were sometimes used to start a general assault, the vehicles had a large space that would contain heavy explosives in some cases drawn carts with IEDs ADCBIED were used generally either mules or horses tactics, a single vehicle can be used, or an original breaking vehicle, followed by another vehicle 7.
While many car bombs are disguised as ordinary vehicles, 8 some that are used against military forces have an improvised vehicle armor attached to prevent the driver from being pulled during an attack on a fortified outpost 9.



Car bombs can be considered distant descendants of hellburners 16th century ships carrying explosives that were used to deadly effect by Dutch forces besieged in Antwerp against the Spanish besieging Although using a less sophisticated technology, basic principle of hellburner is similar to the car bomb.
The first car bombing of possible suicide and perhaps the first suicide attack was the bombing of the school Bath in 1927, where 45, including the bomber, were killed and half a school exploded.
Car bombing many victims, particularly suicide car bombing, is currently a phenomenon mainly Middle Eastern tactic was first introduced to the area by the Stern Group who used widely against the Palestinian and British military targets; He was then taken up by Palestinian bombers and 10 The tactic has been used extensively in the Lebanese civil war by the Islamist Hezbollah One notable bomb car was the bombing of the barracks in Beirut in 1983 when two simultaneous attacks killed 241 Marines American and 58 french military personnel the author of these attacks was never confirmed positive in the Lebanese civil war approximately 3,641 car bombs exploded 11.
Without an adaptation of a vehicle for transporting people, the German Remote Control Tank WW2 Goliath has many parallels with VBIED He often approached a target another tank at a certain speed, then exploded, destroying and the target has been shielded so it could not be destroyed on the road, however, was not driven by a person, he was instead remotely controlled by the German infantry, a safe distance is efficient, shielded suicide drone.
TSA agents see the post-blast left a Plymouth Neon after an explosive detonated inside during training.


Car bombs and detonators operate variously ways and there are many variables in the operation and placement of the bomb in the vehicle earlier and less advanced car bombs were often wired to the car's ignition system but the practice is now considered more laborious and less effective than other newer methods because it had a greater amount of work for a system that could often be easily defused Although it is more common these days car bombs to attach magnetically to the underside of the car, in the passenger or driver's seat, or in detonators of the mudguard triggered by opening the vehicle door or the pressure applied to brake or acceleration pedal 2 are also used.
Operating bombs by the first method of attachment to the underside of the car most often make use of a device called fuse inclination A small tube designed glass or plastic, tilt fuse is similar to a mercury switch or a tube of medical tablets one end of the fuse will be filled with mercury while the other open end is connected to the ends of an open circuit to an electrical firing system Naturally, when the fuse of tilt is moving or jerky, mercury intake flows upwardly from the tube and close the circuit as well as the vehicle passes by the regular bumping and soaking that comes with driving on a field, the circuit is completed and bomb or explosive is allowed to operate 2.
As a safety mechanism to protect the bomber, the place of the bomb can rig an integrated timing device to the circuit to enable only the circuit after a certain period of time, thus ensuring the bomber is not accidentally activated the bomb before that he or she is able to disengage from the blast radius 2.
Before the 20th century, bombs planted in horse carts were used in assassination plots, including the Infernal Machine unsuccessful attempt to kill Napoleon December 24, 1800.



The first car bomb may have been used for the assassination attempt against the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1905 in Istanbul by Armenian separatists in the command Papken siuni belonging to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.
Car bombing was an important part of the campaign of the Provisional Irish Republican Army during the PIRA chief troubles of Northern Ireland PIRA of Staff Seán MacStíofáin defines the car bomb as both a tactic and weapon strategic guerrilla, he strategically disrupts the ability of government to administer the enemy country, and simultaneously strikes at the heart of its economic structure by means of massive destruction from a tactical point of view, it ties down a lot security forces and troops around the major urban areas of the region into conflict 12.
The 1920 bombing that Wall Street Suspected Italian anarchist Mario Buda parked Galleanists member of a horse-drawn wagon filled with explosives and shrapnel in the financial district in New York City The explosion killed 38 and injured 143.
1927 Bath School disaster Andrew Kehoe used a detonator to ignite dynamite and hundreds of pounds of pyrotol he had secretly planted in a school as rescuers began to gather at the school, Kehoe drove up, stopped and detonated a bomb inside his fILLED shrapnel vehicle, killing himself and the school principal and killing and wounding several others in total, Kehoe killed 44 people and injured 58 making the school bombing bath act the deadliest mass murder in a school in the history of the United States is perhaps the first car bomb suicide story.
Lehi militant group were the first group to use car bombs in the British Mandate for Palestine.
Scene after car bombing Vietcong in Saigon in 1965.



The guerrilla Vietcong used them at the end of the First Indochina War and throughout the Vietnam War.
The OAS has used them at the end of French rule in Algeria.
The Sicilian Mafia has used them to murder independent judges until the early 1990s.
The IRA used them frequently during his campaign during the unrest in the bombing in Northern Ireland and in England by the Real IRA in Omagh a splinter group of the IRA, has caused the most casualties in unrest one car bomb.



Loyalist organizations in Northern Ireland as the Ulster Volunteer Force UVF and Ulster Defense Association used car bombs against civilians in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland UVF bombs in Dublin and Monaghan 13 14 caused the most kills in a single day during the unrest.
The Basque separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ETA made at least 80 massive car bomb attacks in Spain over the last decade prior to its activities pending in 2011 15.
Freelance terrorist Carlos the Jackal has claimed three bombings in the car bomb on the French newspapers accused took advantage of pro-Israel in the 1970s.
Cleveland Irish mobster Danny Greene frequently used car bombs against its enemies, since 1968 Then, they also began to be used against Greene and his associates the use of car bombs in Cleveland peaked in 1976 when 36 bombs exploded in the city, most of them car bombs, causing it to nickname the city bomb Several people, including innocent bystanders, were killed or injured Greene himself was eventually killed in the explosion of a car bomb Oct. 6, 1977.



The German Red Army Faction sometimes used car bombs, as in an unsuccessful attempt to attack a NATO school for officers in 1984.
November 23, 1986, two members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation conducted the Turkish consulate attack in Melbourne using a car bomb, which resulted in the death of one of the attackers.
During the Soviet war in Afghanistan in various training camps in the tribal areas of Pakistan 16 Pakistani ISI using the CIA trained mujahideen to prepare car bombs car bombs became a regular event during the war, Afghan civil conflicts that followed and in Afghanistan the US invasion.
The agents of the Chilean DINA intelligence agency were convicted of using car bombs to murder Orlando Letelier and Carlos Prats who were opponents of the regime of Augusto Pinochet Letelier was killed in Washington, DC.
In the 1980s, Colombian drug Pablo Escobar used car bombs lord largely against government forces and population centers in Colombia and Latin America The most notable car bombing was the DAS Building bombing that killed 52 and about 1,000 injured.
Suicide car bombs were a regular feature against Israel during the Lebanon war in 1982, which lasted from 1982 until Israel's withdrawal in 2000. The bombing campaign was conducted by several groups, most highlight Hezbollah.



On February 26, 1993, Islamist terrorists led by Ramzi Yousef detonated a Ryder truck filled with explosives into the parking garage of the World Trade Center in New York Yousef plan was to cause one of the towers to collapse into each other, destroying both and killing thousands of people Although this has not been reached, six people were killed, 1,402 injured, and extensive damage was caused.
The April 19, 1995, Timothy McVeigh detonated a Ryder truck box filled with an explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil ANFO before Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in the attack of Oklahoma City killing 168 people, including 19 children were in daycare.
During the 1990s and early 2000s, vehicle explosives were used by Chechen nationalists against targets in Russia.
The April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold planned to use two car bombs as the last act of the massacre of Columbine High School apparently to assassinate police and first responders Two car bombs did not explode, but Klebold s detonated at 11 pm instead of 11 am as planned, but no one was injured.



Islamist militant group Southeast Asia-based Jemaah Islamiyah has used car bombs in their campaigns in the early 2000s, being the Bali bombings largest in 2002 that killed 202 people.
On June 30, 2007, a Jeep Cherokee loaded with propane canisters crashed into the entrance of Glasgow International Airport The vehicle caught fire, but did not explode Consequently, there was no injury the attack itself apart from the driver, who died of his injuries a few weeks later, a passenger who was severely burned, though several bystanders were injured in retaining two attackers appear to have been unaffiliated Muslims an organization that unhappy war against terrorism Thirty-six hours earlier, two bombs were also found in a car in London, although police reported that the bombs were incomplete and could not explode.
The Tamil Tigers of Sri Lanka frequently made use of car bombs during the civil war in that country in a campaign that lasted from 1976 until the defeat of the group in 2009.
A car bomb that had misfired was discovered in Times Square in New York on May 1, 2010 bomb was planted by Faisal Shahzad evidence suggests that the bombing was planned by the Pakistani Taliban.
On 11 December 2010 2010 bombing of Stockholm - a car bomb exploded in the center of Stockholm in Sweden slightly injuring two passers Twelve minutes later, a Swedish citizen of Iraqi origin man accidentally exploded six bombs he was carrying but only one exploded 17 bomber was killed, but there were no other victims is believed that the attacks were the work of homegrown terrorists who protested against the participation of Sweden in the war in Afghanistan and the Sweden publication of Muhammad cartoons depicting.
On July 22, 2011, in the massacre of Norway far right extremist Anders Behring Breivik detonated a car bomb in the neighborhood of the executive government of Oslo in Norway killing 8 people.



December 21, 2016, a minibus filled with intentionally rammed gas cylinders the entrance of Hall Christian building Australia No injuries were involved, but the building was severely damaged.
Various Palestinian militant groups against civilian and military Israeli targets.
Many Lebanese militants continue to use car bombs against domestic opponents, a notable example being the assassination of Rafic Hariri the former Prime Minister of the country, February 14, 2005.
Hezbollah member Imad Mughniyah was assassinated by a car bomb in Syria in 2008, allegedly by Mossad.



Although it was never officially recognized the American CIA has sometimes been accused of being behind the car bombing Such attack was the assassination attempt against Mohammad Grand Ayatollah Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut car bombing , March 8, 1985 While there have been widespread speculation of CIA involvement, this has never been proven conclusively.
Republican dissidents in Northern Ireland have used car bombs in the past two decades, the deadliest attack being the Omagh bombing in 1998 18.
Al Qaeda in attacks around the world since the 1990s, especially the attacks against the embassies of the United States in 1998.
Militants and criminals in India sometimes use car bombs in attacks This includes Muslims, Kashmiri Sikhs and Naxalite militants and the rival politicians in the government of crime and organized a recent notable attack was Aug. 25, 2003 bombings Mumbai where two car bombs killed 54 people the attack was claimed by the Pakistan Kashmiri separatist group Lashkar-supported-e-Taiba.
Since the beginning of the U S -LED war in Afghanistan in 2001, the Taliban often used explosives vehicles against enemy targets This included not only cars and trucks but even bicycle bombs.



A car bombing in Iraq in 2005, which was detonated car bomb one second while US forces were investigating the scene of an explosion earlier this causing 18 deaths.
The Iraqi insurgency - about 578 car bombs exploded in Iraq between June 2003 and June 2006 car bombs continue to be commonly used 19.
The Pakistani Taliban has sometimes used car bombs in their ongoing conflict with the government of Pakistan.
The Juárez Cartel's armed wing, La Linea used a car bomb to attack police officers in Ciudad Juárez in Mexico July 15 BASELINE 2010 20.



The Sinaloa cartel and the Gulf cartel have been blamed for the use of car bombs in Nuevo Laredo Mexico April 24, 2011 to heat the turf of Los Zetas 21 22 23.








Car bomb, bomb, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Army PIRA campaign.