MOCCA / Museum of cartoonists and Cartoon Art
The shape of cartoon art began with A caricature caricatured - Italian caricare to load or exaggerate - is a drawing that gives weight to the most striking features of his subject for a comic effect The great Italian masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Annibale Carracci and Gian Lorenzo Benini, all cartoons shot These techniques were virtuoso exercises in order to define the essence of a person in a few deft strokes of the pen.
Many British artists looked to Italy for inspiration, but a man William Hogarth, painter and engraver, believed.
Everything needed for the consummate painter sculptor height or may have had with the greatest of ease without leaving London.
Hogarth created a new form of picture-story paint-comic story full of characters, not CARICATURA, copies of nature, not exaggerations Its modern moral subjects, as seen in the Harlot of progress and advancement of the Rake, represent critical moments in life, in time and act accordingly is represented in the space between and within each scene is why Hogarth is widely regarded as the father of British caricature, despite himself, and comics.
1770s, he was the gentleman amateur and semi-amateur, like Townshend, Bunbury, Woodward and Nixon, who transformed the art form, the introduction of a more playful style and a strong element of personal caricature fulfilling social satire, with humorous comments on current fashion and social pretensions.
In the 1780s political satire ripened Print-shops flourished in the City, Westminster and St James's, many caricature organizing exhibitions The copper plate engraving hand colored, freer in style engraving, became fashionable often at the price of 2 shillings 10p or more it was a luxury item, and beyond the means of most.
The French Revolution in 1789 sparked a shootout satirical propaganda in France and Great Britain Both loyalist members of the Pitt reform coalition and the opposition Whigs around Fox sponsored partisan political impressions Initially, the Foxites took over, creating a new type of sophisticated visual and verbal satire but the news from France the excesses of the Terror damaged the cause of reform in 1795, the Foxites are declining, and an explosion of repressive measures culminating in the Acts of Treason and sedition, captivated not only the press and the opposition, but also the print publishers.
In August 1819, the local cavalry Yeoman attacked a crowd of peaceful demonstrators in the fields of St. Peter, Manchester The government response was the Six repressive laws, including an increase in the stamp duty that has tripled the number of prices Articles the publisher William Hone and George Cruikshank, cartoonist foremost of the Regency, responded to the attacks on the reform with a little shilling pamphlet 5p 24 pages, politics house that Jack built it would cross 50 editions and sell 100,000 Hone copies had resumed the technique of woodcut wood block rescue is more durable than the copper plate, and may be adjusted with the type of metal and printed together, reduce costs, and the text and the image could now support each other and reach a wider audience.
The crisis of 1830-2 reform bill sparked a wave of satirical prints, but the topical satire was to find a new home after an example in Paris, a number of humorous magazines were launched in Great -Bretagne in 1841, journalist Henry Mayhew and printer and engraver Ebenezer Landells founded the most famous of all Punch it must be a weekly comic paper without grossness, partisanship, profanity, indelicacy, or malice in his long life, he cultivated the talents of comedians more than any other British magazine.
Vanity Fair was founded in 1868 and revived the tradition of caricature appears in single color portraits genial celebrities and professional men, a sophisticated style in this country by Carlo Pellegrini Ape.
In the 1880s, printers started using the new photochemical processes a true facsimile of the work of the artist, tone, texture and detail, could now be as faithful enjoyed two great innovators, Max Beerbohm and Phil May.
In World War II, cartoonists rallied to the patriotic cause depicting a meeting between the national symbols and personifications Work cheer Bert Thomas and Bruce Bairnsfather have proven popular with British troops at the front.
The first half of the twentieth century saw the heyday of popular magazine, and cartoons helped determine its graphic style and character William Heath Robinson joined the sketch in 1906 and entertain its readers through two world wars HM Bateman has perfected the comic without words, and the man cartoon series of colors filled the Tatler the center-spread in the 1920s and 1930s.
Victor Weisz, Vicky, one of the best political cartoonists post-war Britain, was forced to flee Nazi Germany in 1935 when he started the News Chronicle in 1939 as editor advised a intensive course in British culture, he soon had a mind control of a British cartoonist stocks references and motifs, including Shakespeare and Tenniel drawings of Alice.
Ronald Searle was described as probably the most advanced graphic artist of the twentieth century, and is undoubtedly one of the most influential Evil schoolgirls of St Trinian s Searle uses a new public taste for black humor, cynical grown in wartime in his later work a baroque extravagance of detail is meticulously built with its extraordinary line - stuttering, fidgety, barbed.
Britain finally emerging from a post-war period dominated by the deference and social conformity A younger generation of comedians appeared on stage, radio and television in 1961, a new satirical magazine Private Eye has been it was founded a political gossip magazine disclosure and ripped the curtains of gentility and decorum that Punch had supported for more than a century for cartoonists, it was a breath of fresh air, to publish cartoons that no other newspaper not print.
For the first time in many decades caricature took the stage Two revolutionary artists have pushed the British satire to the extreme, both visually and politically Ralph Steadman and Gerald Scarfe Wally Fawkes, Trog, has an intense focus to caricature and the political cartoon by its ability to condense a complex situation in one memorable image.
Peter Fluck and Roger Law worked together since the 1960s In the 1970s, they began producing cartoons in three dimensions for the Sunday Times and other publications of this work grew the satirical show Spitting first image projected Grande -Bretagne in 1983 with Fluck and law s latex puppets.
In the mid 1800s the illustrated magazine has taken many forms, from respectable and stiff punch to the penny dreadfuls most dismal, who received the lower orders with crime stories and horror Fearful of the effects this might have on adults impressionable young, healthier offerings were launched such as the Boy clean sheet in 1879, filled with moving stories of sporting prowess and imperial adventure in 1884, Ally Sloper Half pioneer holiday early proto-comic strips magazine was the first to mix tapes with stories in prose and joke cartoons with Micawberish Ally Sloper appearing in satirical takes the news.
The real break came in 1890 when Alfred Harmsworth launched Comic Cuts and illustrated Chips the first comic papers halfpenny They were a huge success in 1896, Tom Browne created a pair of tramps that came to be known as weary Willie and tired Tim They prevailed on the cover of chips until it folded in 1953 during the years preceding World war a host of new titles appeared, including Puck, merry and bright and funny Wonder so great was the demand for comic material that many British comic publishers relied on American reprints.
The competition was intense and publishers introduced color in titles such as Rainbow who brought the Bruin boys led by Tiger Tim has obtained its own title in 1919. The cinema has inspired several comics including Fun Film and Kinema Comic 1920 with real actors such as Laurel and Hardy with most comic strips newspapers history was moved forward by several lines of text that ran beneath the bubbles images playing a relatively minor role.
The paper shortage during the war hit hard many comics in the 1920s, the industry revived Scottish publisher DC Thomson began publishing a number of new documents adventure The Wizard 1927 Rover 1929 Hotspur and 1937 were mainly illustrated magazines But in the late 1930s, DC Thomson broke the mold when launching the innovative Dandy and the Beano 1937 1938 the securities offered their powerful drives gag humor with characters hating authority as pie cow devouring Desperate Dan.
In the 1950s, the influence of American culture spread in the world of comics and many were imported in the UK Some Christian groups in Britain have expressed concern about what they felt like the pernicious influence of comics American horror responded to the revolutionary eagle the quality of the work, which included Frank Hampson science fiction hero Dan Dare has raised the bar for the British comic Hulton Press followed with girl 1951 Robin and Swift for young children DC Thomson responded with a new generation of anarchic characters including Davey Law Dennis the menace 1951 and Leo Baxendale Little Plum Minnie the Minx and the Bash Street 1953 4 children.
In the 1950s and 60 new titles available for boys sports, war and adventure in Leo Valiant and Bunty and Judy hurricane gave the ballet girls and school stories, and for slightly older girls there was romance in Marilyn Valentine and Jackie.
In the 1970s, the twin influences of American underground comics and punk shook Viz 1979 reveled tasteless industry, but was a huge success and became the British comic as ever sold a number of short-term securities in the early 1970s introduced the artists who were to become big names in 2000AD 1977 These included Brian Bolland, Dave Gibbons, Mike McMahon, Kevin O Neill and Bryan Talbot, many of which would work later to the great American publishers DC and Marvel Comics 2000AD also produced the first great British comic superhero, Judge Dredd.
In the 1980s, processors of the Japanese animated series began to appear on British television screens while Akira Toriyama Dragon Ball and films such as Akira introduced a British public in a very different tradition of the band comic recent years, manga, anime and computer games have had a visible effect on the work of younger artists.
WK Haselden is considered the father of the comic strip of the British newspaper in 1904, he began producing reflections on topical subjects in a panel divided into a series of effectively lampooned it up to eight frames in the First War World, the German Kaiser and his Crown Prince series Big and Little Willie.
In 1915, the Daily Mail asked the well-known illustrator of children Charles Folkard to create a daily basis for the corner of their children Teddy Tail was so popular with young readers in a few years, the most popular newspapers bands were running Pip, Squeak and Wilfred was created by AB Payne in 1919-1920, Rupert by Mary Tourtel Bonzo in 1920 and George in 1922 Studdy most popular bands inspired huge followings amongst their young readers Pip, Squeak and Wilfred appeared on plates, had their own song and a fan club called the Wilfredian League Gugnuncs.
The first band to an adult audience was balding everyman pop bands s 1921 J Millar Watt Watt showed a thorough understanding of how a story could be developed through time and space related panels Another adult band was Norman Pett Jane 1932 Jane's hour came during the second World war when every episode saw lose his clothes in one way or another, it was revived in the 1960s and again in the 1980s and 1990.
Domestic bands were among the most popular and durable The family saga The suburban Ruggles 1935-1957 was followed by the even more popular Gambols 1950, created by the husband and wife of Barry and Appleby Dobs The most popular of all domestic bands Featured alcohol consumption, gambling, original single panel work shy northerner Andy Capp 1957 Reg Smythe has evolved into the most popular British band ever in its heyday, it was syndicated in more than 1 400 newspapers worldwide whole another popular export was the dog Fred Basset Alex Graham, who is almost human.
A very different tradition was male adventure and detective story square jawed Dick Tracy appeared in American newspapers in 1931 first action heroes of Britain was created by Garth Steve Dowling towards the end of World War II the exploits of the RAF war and the space race inspired fascination Sydney Jordan to create Jeff Hawke in 1955.
Politburo was the setting for Frank Dickens Bristow 1961 and again in 1987, when Charles Peattie and Russell Taylor created the merchant banker-thrusting Alex Rufus and his friend Flook began in 1949 as a band for kids designed by Trog Wally Fawkes However, in the 1960s and 70s, it has become a sophisticated satirical vehicle for writers such as Humphrey Lyttleton and George Melly for ten years blonde Varoomshka innocently made its way to John Kent through political minefields, infuriating feminists legions along the way.
In the 1970s and 80s Posy Simmonds's followed Webers the mid-life crises of the liberal middle class, Steve Bell mapped the rise of Thatcherism in his bandes Maggie farm and later If all Yobs Tony Husband and later Yobettes has offered another slant on uncelebrated up British society sections.
In the same comic strip period and comic artists bands began developing stories increasingly complex In 1977, Bryan Talbot produces what is considered the first graphic novel with fantasy adventures collaborations Luther Arkwright Alan Moore Dave Lloyd on V for Vendetta Watchmen Dave Gibbons and later with Kevin O Neill on the League of extraordinary gentlemen were landmarks in a genre other as Raymond Briggs showed how the medium could range from fantasy in children snowman with a scenario of the post-nuclear war where the wind blows Talbot returned to tackle the sensitive issue of child abuse in the award winning the Tale of one Bad Rat There was also graphic novels inspired works literature such as Hunt Emerson's Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Lady Chatterley's Lover and Posy Simmond of Flaubert story of a mobili st adultery and soft, Gemma Bovary.
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