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The city was founded on the point of the Hondsrug area north oldest document referring to the dates of existence of Groningen in 1040, however, the city existed long before the oldest archaeological traces found are believed to originate from the years 3950 3720 BC, though the first major settlement in Groningen has been traced back to the 3rd century AD.
In the 13th century, when Groningen was an important trade center, its inhabitants built a city wall to underline its authority The city has a strong influence on the surrounding lands and made its dialect a common language The most influential period the city was the late 15th century, when the nearby province of Friesland was administered from Groningen during these years, the Martinitoren was built, which hovered over the city and 127 meters 417 feet high independence the city ended when in 1536, he chose to accept the Emperor Charles V the Habsburg ruler of the other Netherlands, as his overlord later, he joined the Republic of the United provinces.
In 1614, the University of Groningen was founded, initially only for religious education in the same period, the city developed rapidly and a new city wall was built that same city wall was tested during the third Anglo-Dutch war in 1672, when the city was attacked fiercely by the bishop of Münster Bernhard von Galen's city walls resisted, an event that is still celebrated with music and fireworks on the August 28 as Ontzet Gronings or Bommen Berend.
The city did not escape the devastation of World War II, in particular, the main square, the Grand Place, was largely destroyed in April 1945 in the Battle of Groningen However, the Martinitoren his church, Goudkantoor and the town hall were not damaged the battle lasted several days.
The University of Groningen in the Dutch University of Groningen has a rich academic tradition dating back to 1614 after the University of Leiden, is the second oldest university in the Netherlands studied at the university's first student, Aletta Jacobs the first Dutch national astronaut Wubbo Ockels the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, and two Nobel laureates, and Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Ben Feringa 200,000 people were either students, teachers or researchers at the University of Groningen has the highest percentage high students by the total population, about 25 percent.
The town is known nationally as the Northern metropolis and Martinistad referring to the tower Martinitoren named after its patron saint Martin de Tours.
Although Groningen is not a very big city, it has an important role as the main urban center of this part of the country, especially in the fields of music and other arts, education and business The grand number of students living in Groningen also contributes to a diverse cultural scene for a city of its size.
The largest and most famous museum of Groningen is the Groninger Museum with its current building construction, designed by Alessandro Mendini the museum was transformed into one of the most modern and innovative of its kind in the Netherlands also the city has a maritime museum, a university museum, a museum of comics and a museum of Groningen graphics is also home to Noorderlicht international photographic platform that runs a gallery and hosts an international festival picture.
Groningen is a city theater Stadsschouwburg, on the Turfsingel; a great place of theater and concert called Martini Plaza; and another great cultural place on the Trompsingel called Oosterpoort Vera is located on the Oosterstraat, the Grand Theater on the Grand Place and the Simplon on Boterdiep Several cafes have live music, some of which specialize in music jazz, including Jazzcafe de Spieghel on the Peperstraat the Prince Claus Conservatoire jazz music students have been known to hold regular jam sessions in cafes such as Peter Pan on the Voor Het Voormalige Klein Poortje and coffee Smederij on the Tuinstraat April 2 Groningen is also the host city Eurosonic Noorderslag a showcase event of the annual music for over a hundred bands from all over Europe.
The nightlife of Groningen depends largely on its student population Its cultural scene is vibrant and remarkable for a city of its size in particular, the Grand Place, the Vismarkt, the Poelestraat and Peperstraat are crowded every night of the week and most bars do not close until 5 am Between 2005 and 2007, Groningen was elected the best city of the Netherlands 7 Groningen has a red area called Nieuwstad second in the a-kwartier an area has been closed from the end of 2015 the two areas or near the city center.
In 2014, a theater Dome 3D, known Infoversum opened in Groningen This is housed in an unusual dome shaped building made of steel It shows special dome films and also features arts events The Infoversum went bankrupt in 2015 it has since been bought by an independent company and converted into a restaurant.
Until recently, two large sugar mills were within the city limits Plant Suiker Unie was originally outside of Groningen, but it was completely swallowed by the expansion of the city after a campaign to close the plant, he was finally arrested in 2008 2009 Before shutting down sugar production amounted to 250,000 tons of sugar beet with 250 employees 2005 figures the only remaining sugar factory is CSM Vierverlaten in Hoogkerk, which produces 235,000 tonnes of beet sugar, with 283 employees.
Today, well-known companies of Groningen are a publishing company Noordhoff Uitgevers royal tobacco company Theodorus Niemeyer a health insurance company Menzis Hooghoudt a distillery and natural gas companies Gasunie and GasTerra There are more the focus on business services; especially ICT, life sciences, tourism, energy and the environment.
In addition, the Hotel and Restaurant are an important part of the economy Groningen industry.
Image topographical map of the city of Groningen, in June 2014.
Groningen was called the city of the world because cycling 57 trips in the city are made by bicycle 13 Like most Dutch cities Groningen is well suited to the high number of cyclists A large network of bicycle paths the practice makes to scroll and to different destinations within the city biking is the most popular means of transport in 2000, Groningen was selected as 2002 top Fietsstad BikeCity the Netherlands for 2002.
The city is very well suited to the wishes of those who want to move without a car, because it has an extensive network of cycle paths separate, good public transport, and a large pedestrian area of downtown Transforming the historic center in a priority zone for pedestrians allows and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable.
These attributes are achieved by applying the principle of the filtered permeability This means that the network configuration promotes active transportation and selectively filter the car by reducing the number of streets that cross the center While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and cycle paths which permeate the entire center in addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces, increasing the pleasure of the trip see the image filtering logic of a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying neighborhoods and fused grid of districts in the Italian television program of investigative journalism report appeared a short film, 14 considering the use of bicycles in Groningen a good practice to emulate Italy.
The main train station served by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva has regular services to most major cities in the Netherlands.
The following services operated by the call Nederlandse Spoorwegen in Groningen.
1 time per hour long distance service Rotterdam - Utrecht - Amersfoort - Zwolle - Groningen.
1x long distance time The Hague - Schiphol - Almere - Lelystad - Zwolle - Groningen.
2x per hour local service sprinter Zwolle - Meppel - Assen - Groningen.
The following services operated by Arriva call Groningen.
1x per hour Express Service sneltrein Leeuwarden - Buitenpost - Groningen.
2x per hour local service stoptrein Leeuwarden - Buitenpost - Groningen.
2x per hour local service stoptrein Groningen - Zuidbroek - Veendam.
1 times per hour local service stoptrein Groningen - Zuidbroek - Winschoten - Bad Nieuweschans - Leer.
1 times per hour local service stoptrein Groningen - Zuidbroek - Winschoten.
2x per hour local service stoptrein Groningen - Sauwerd - Roodeschool.
2x per hour local service stoptrein Groningen - Sauwerd - Delfzijl.
Qbuzz manages several urban and regional bus bus Main roads are.
There are also direct buses between Groningen and Bremen Hamburg and Berlin in Germany, led by Flixbus and between Groningen and Munich led by ADAC Postbus.
Groningen had planned to build a tramline linking the central station, the university hospital with Zernike university complex, and the central station through the city center with the tour of the park and sports center Kardinge However, in October 2012, City Council decided not to build because of the high costs tram lines.
Groningen Airport is located 10 kilometers 6 miles south of the center of Groningen, with regular charter services and holidays to European destinations.
Groningen has a temperate climate similar fees to most of the Netherlands, although slightly colder in winter than other major cities in the Netherlands because of its position weather northeast influenced by the North Sea north -west and winds from the northwest and dominant gales winter temperatures are cooler on average above zero even if frost is common during periods of easterly winds that blow from inside the European continent, namely Germany, Russia and even Siberia night, the temperature 10 C 14 F or less are common during cold periods the lowest winter temperature ever recorded is from August 26 K 16 2 F 16 February 1956 snow falls often, but rarely stay long due to the warm daytime temperatures, although the white snow days occur every winter summers are a bit hot and humid temperatures of 30 C 86 F or more off Product feels sporadically, peaks during the most average day is about 22 C 72 F very rainy periods are frequent, especially in spring and summer average annual prev ipitation is about 800 mm 31 hours of sunshine vary but are generally below 1600 hours, which gives much cloud cover similar to most of the Netherlands climate in this area are slight differences between the ups and downs, and there is sufficient rainfall this year under the Köppen climate classification for this -type climate is Cfb marine west coast climate oceanic climate 15.
The local football club is FC Groningen founded in 1971. Currently, he plays in the football league Dutch top, called the Eredivisie winners of the KNVB Cup in 2014 15, their best result of the league was in the Eredivisie in the season 91 in 1990 when they finished third in the current stage of FC Groningen, which opened in January 2006, is called Noordlease stage before the 2015-2016 season, he was named the Euroborg stadium has 22,550 seats and 18 it is planned to extend the stadium has a capacity of 35- or 40,000.
Donar is a club of professional basketball, playing in the Dutch League Basketball Arena is the home Martiniplaza The club has won the national championship five times in 1982, 2004, 2010, 2014 and 2016 In 2005, 2011 and 2014 they won the NBB Cup.
Each year on the second Sunday in October, the 4 Mile of Groningen held This is one of the largest in the Netherlands operating events; in 2013, there were 21,000 places for participants was 1,000 more than in 2012, when there were 20,000 starting points 19.
The 2002 Giro d'Italia started in Groningen, including the prologue and the beginning of step 1 The city also hosted the start and finish of stage 5 2013 Energiewacht Tour.
Lourens, Piet; Lucassen January 1997 Inwonertallen van Nederlandse of ca 1300 1800 Amsterdam NEHA ISBN 9057420082.
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