DC Motor, How It Works
Internal combustion gasoline engines run on a mixture of gasoline and air The ideal mix is 14 7 parts of air to one part by weight of gasoline Since the gas weighs much more than the air we talk a lot of air and a little part of the gas from the gas that is completely vaporized in 14 7 air parts can produce considerable power when turned on inside an engine.
Let's see how the modern motor uses this energy to turn the wheels.
Air enters the engine through the air filter and the product to the throttle plate controlling the flow of air passing through the throttle plate and into the engine with the gas pedal, it is then distributed through a series of passages called the intake manifold to each cylinder at a given time after the air filter, depending on the engine, fuel is added to the air stream or by a fuel injection system or, in older vehicles, by the carburetor.
Once the fuel is vaporized in the air stream, the mixture is drawn into each cylinder as the cylinder starts the intake stroke when the piston reaches the cylinder bottom, the inlet valve closes and the piston begins to move in the cylinder compressing the load when the piston reaches the top, the spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture causing a rapid expansion of gas which pushes the piston downwardly with great force against the crankshaft , as a cyclist pushing against the pedals to go biking.
The majority of engines in motor vehicles today are four-stroke internal combustion engines with spark ignition Exceptions such as diesel and rotary engines will not be covered in this article.
There are several types of engines that are identified by the number of cylinders and how the cylinders are arranged in motor vehicles will have 3 to 12 cylinders are arranged in the engine block in several popular configurations of them are shown on the left inline engines have their rolls arranged in a row 3, 4, 5 and 6 cylinders commonly use this arrangement, the V device uses both edges of side-by-side rolls and is commonly used in V-6, V-8, V-10 and V-12 flat motors configurations use two opposing banks of cylinders and are less common than the other two models They are used in Subaru engines and Porsche for 4 and 6 cylinder arrangements and in old VW beetles with 4 cylinders flat motors are also used in some Ferraris with 12 cylinders.
Most engine blocks are cast iron or cast aluminum.
Each cylinder contains a piston which moves upwardly and downwardly within the cylinder bore All pistons in the engine are connected by individual connecting rods to a common crankshaft.
The crankshaft is located below the cylinders on an engine line, the base of the V on a type of engine V between the cylinder banks on a flat motor the pistons move up and down, they turn the crankshaft as pump your legs and down to turn the crank which is connected to the pedal of a bicycle.
A cylinder head is bolted to the upper part of each cylinder to seal the individual cylinders and contains the combustion process that takes place inside the cylinder Most cylinder heads are made of cast aluminum or cast iron The cylinder head contains at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve for each cylinder This allows the air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder and the exhaust gas burned at the exit of the engine cylinders comprise at least two valves per cylinder, one intake valve and one exhaust valve many new engines use multiple intake and exhaust valves per cylinder for a larger power output and efficiency These engines are sometimes referred to the number of valves that they have eg 24 valve V6 indicating a V6 engine with four valves per cylinder modern engine designs can use everywhere 2-5 valves per cylinder.
The valves are opened and closed by means of a camshaft Camshaft is a rotary shaft that has individual lobes for each valve the lobe is a bump on one side of the shaft that pushes against a valve tappet moves to up and down when the lobe pushes against the lifting device, the lifting device in turn, pushes the valve opening when the lobe rotates away from the lifting device, the valve is closed by a spring which is fixed to a common valve configuration is having a camshaft mounted in the engine block with the push connection to the valves through a series of links camshaft must be synchronized with the crankshaft such that the cam shaft makes one revolution for two revolutions of the crankshaft in the most engines, this is achieved by a similar distribution chain to a bicycle chain that connects the camshaft with the crankshaft s new engines have the camshaft located in the cylinder head directly on the valves This design is more efficient, but it is more expensive to manufacture and requires more camshafts on the flat and V-type engines should also many channels more timers or toothed belts which are subject to wear Some engines have two camshafts on each head, one for the intake valves and one for the exhaust valves These engines are called Double Overhead camshaft DOHC engines while the other type is called single Overhead camshaft SOHC engine with the camshaft in the block are called OHV OHV engines.
Now when you see DOHC 24 valve V6, you'll know what that means.
Given that the same process occurs in each cylinder, we'll take a look at one cylinder to see how the process works four times.
The four strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust The piston moves down on the intake stroke, on the compression stroke, on the stroke of power and on the exhaust stroke.
Admission When the piston begins to descend on the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the fuel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder similar to the piston back to a hypodermic needle to permit fluid to be drawn into the chamber when the piston reaches the bottom of the intake stroke, the intake valve closes, trapping the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
The compression piston moves upwards and compresses the trapped air fuel mixture that has been supplied through the intake stroke The amount that the mixture is compressed is determined by the compression ratio of the engine, the compression ratio of the average engine is in the range of 8 1 10 1 This means that when the piston reaches the top of the cylinder, the air-fuel mixture is compressed to about one tenth of its original volume.
Supply spark plug fires, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a strong expansion of steam The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with a large rotational force of the crankshaft to provide power to propel the vehicle fire each piston to another time, determined by the firing order of the engine when the crankshaft does two revolutions, each cylinder in the engine will have traveled a power stroke.
Exhaust with the piston at the cylinder bottom, the exhaust valve opens to allow burned exhaust gas to be expelled to the exhaust system from the cylinder contains such a pressure, when the valve is open, gas is expelled with violent force is why a vehicle without muffler sounds so strong the piston moves to the top of the cylinder pushing all the exhaust gas before the closure of the exhaust valve in preparation for starting the processes four times more.
Oil is the lifeblood of an engine running without oil lasts about as long as a human being without blood oil is pumped under pressure to all the moving parts of the engine by an oil pump, oil pump is mounted at the bottom of the engine into the oil sump and is connected by a gear or the crankshaft or camshaft in this way, when the motor rotates, the oil pump is pumping is a pressure sensor oil near the oil pump that monitors pressure and sends this information to a warning light or gauge on the dashboard When you turn the ignition key, but before you start the car, the light oil, light, indicating that there is no oil pressure, but also let you know that the warning system is working when you start to run the engine to start it the light should go out indicating that there is pressure oil.
Internal combustion engines must maintain a stable operating temperature, not too hot, not too cold With huge amounts of heat that is generated from the combustion process, if the engine has no method for cooling, it would rapidly self-destruct Major parts of the warp engine causing oil leakage and oil and water will boil and become useless.
While some engines are air-cooled, the vast majority of engines are liquid cooled The water pump circulates coolant through the engine, hitting the hot zones around the cylinders and heads and then sends the fluid hot cooling radiator to cool off for further information about the cooling system here.
A steering wheel 4-cylinder produces a power stroke every half revolution of the crankshaft, cylinder 8 at each quarter turn This means that a V8 will stifle the execution of a 4 For the combustion pulses from the generating a vibration, a flywheel is attached to the back of the crankshaft the flywheel is a disk which is about 12 to 15 inches in diameter on a standard transmission the flywheel is a disk heavy iron that doubles as a part of the clutch system on vehicles with automatic, the flywheel is a stamped steel plate that mounts the heavy torque converter the flywheel is used to smooth the normal motor pulses .
Balance shaft Some engines have an inherent tilting movement which produces a disturbing vibration when running To fight against it, engineers employ a balance or more shafts A balancer shaft is a heavy shaft which passes through the parallel of the engine crankshaft this shaft has a large weight, while rotating, compensate the engine rocking motion by creating a rocking movement opposite to their own.
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Engines A Course on How They Work, engines, they, work, the cylinder intake valve.