Turkish automotive industry
A Lada Kalina Super 1600, painted in Khokhloma national ornaments Lada is the trademark of AvtoVAZ Russia's largest automaker.
Auto production is a major industry in Russia directly employs about 600,000 people, or 1 of the total Russian country was at No. 15 car producing countries in 2010, and represents about 2 of world production in 2009, industry produced 599.265 cars, one down from 1,469,429 in 2008 2 because of the world financial crisis and 1,895,474 vehicles in 2014 3 most large companies are producers of light vehicle AvtoVAZ and gas while Kamaz is the leading producer of heavy vehicles eleven foreign carmakers have production activities or build their factories in Russia.
The Russian Empire had a long history of progress in the development of machines From the eighteenth century Ivan I Polzunov built the first steam engine with two cylinders in the world, while 4 Ivan P Kulibin created a human-powered vehicle that had a brake motor driving a gearbox and roller bearings 5 one of the first vehicles caterpillars world was invented by Fyodor Blinov in 1877 6 in 1896, Yakovlev engine plant and truck manufacturing workshop Freze manufactured the first car with petrol engine Russia, Yakovlev 7 Freze the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was marked by the invention of the first Russian electrocar dubbed the cuckoo, which was created by engineer Hippolyte V Romanov Romanov in 1899 also built electric bus battery 8 in the years before the Revolution of October 1917 Russia produced a growing number of Russo-Balt Puzyryov Lessner and aut res vehicles, held its first auto show in 1907 9 and had enthus iasts car that participated successfully in international motor racing A Russo-Balt car placed 9th at the Monte Carlo Rally in 1912, despite the extreme winter conditions that threatened life of the driver and mechanic riding on the road to St. Petersburg on February 10 in San Sebastian rally and covered more than 15,000 kilometers in Western Europe and North Africa in 1913, the driver of the car, Andrei P Nagel was personally assigned by the Emperor Nicolas II to increase the prestige of the national car brand 11 in 1916, as part of the government building program of six major automotive manufacturing plants, the trading House Kuznetsov Ryabushinsky Co established more AMO later renamed First State automobile Factory, ZIS and ZIL but no plants were completed due to political collapse and eco nomic that followed in 1917.
The Soviet Union had a large automotive industry at the end of 1987, the industry produced 2 million cars, 45 satisfying domestic demand 12 But after the dissolution of the Soviet Union the Russian car manufacturers were included in a market economy and immediately hit by a crisis due to the loss of financial support, the economic crisis, criminal activities 13 14 15 and increased competition in the domestic market during the 1990s, some of them, such as AvtoVAZ turned to cooperation with other companies such as GM-AvtoVAZ to obtain substantial investment and overcome the crisis 16 in 1993, total production decreased by 14 compared to 1990 Lada sales down in the 1990s and tighter EU emissions requirements, saw exports to Western Europe abandoned at the end of December ennie Lada had experienced particularly strong sales in the UK, peaking at over 30,000 sales a year in the late 1980s, but failed to remain competitive with other over the next few years budget brands In 1997, production of cars in the Russian Federation increased by 13 2 percent over 1996 and reached 981 thousand AvtoVAZ and UAZ expanded their output 8 8 and 52 percent respectively, while Kamaz has doubled the global truck output Russia increased 7 percent to $ 148,000 in 1997 and 17,184,000 in 2000 18 The global production of cars increased from about 800,000 in 1993 to over $ 1 16 million in 2000, 19 or 20 965 000 969 235 according to the OICA 21 except for commercial vehicles.
The total number of cars produced in Russia between 1997-2015 the Russian car market boomed in 2005, 2008.
In the early 2000s, the Russian economy has recovered macroeconomic trends have been strong and rising incomes of the population has led to an increasing demand, and in 2005 the Russian car market is booming in 2005, 1,446,525 new cars were sold, of which 832.200 Russian models and 614,325 foreign ones Foreign companies started to invest heavily in production in Russia, the number of foreign cars produced in the Russian Federation made a 157,179 jump in 2005 to 456500 in 2007 22 the value of the Russian market grew apace 14 in 2005, 36 in 2006 and 67 in 2007 making the auto market growing fastest in the world by 2008 23.
To increase the market share of locally produced vehicles, the Russian government has implemented a number of protectionist measures and has launched programs to attract foreign producers in the country in late 2005, legislation adopted by the Russian leadership to create zones Special economic SEZ in order to encourage investment by foreign auto companies the benefits of operating in special economic zones include tax breaks, exemption from taxes on assets and the land and protection against tax changes some regions also offer broad support for large investors more than 100 million including St. Petersburg Leningrad Oblast Toyota, GM, Nissan and VW Kaluga Oblast Kaluga has been particularly successful in attracting foreign companies, as was the Kaliningrad oblast 23.
Since 2000, foreign companies have flocked to enter Russia, seeing it as a power of local production site and export the work of Russia, material and energy costs are only 1 6 compared to those of Western Europe 24 25.
President Vladimir Putin meeting with employees of AvtoVAZ in the company plant in Togliatti.
The Russian automotive industry has been hit hard by the recession late 2000s the production of passenger cars fell from 1,470,000 units in 2008 to only 597,000 units in 2009, production increased from 91000 to 256000 Lorry in the same 26 period.
In late 2008, the Russian government has introduced protectionist measures, worth 5 billion to improve the situation in the industry This included 2 billion bailouts for struggling companies and 3 billion credit for buyers of Russian cars 27 Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has described the move as essential to save jobs 28 prices for cars and imported foreign trucks increased to a minimum of 50 and up to 100 rates are linked to the vehicle's engine size the increased functions have sparked protests in Russian cities, including Vladivostok where the import of Japanese cars is an important sector of the city economy 29 to compensate for losses of companies Vladivostok, Prime Minister Vladimir Poutine ordered the car manufacturing company Sollers to move one of its factories in Moscow Vladivo stok the move was completed in 2009 and the plant employs about 700 people, it was expected to produce 13,200 cars in Vladivostok in 2010 30.
The most effective anti-crisis measures implemented by the Russian government was introducing a setting to car break system in March 2010 under new car buyers could receive a grant of up to 600,000 rubles 20,000 USD 31 sales of largest automaker Avtovaz Russia has doubled in the second quarter of 2010, therefore, and the company returned to profit 32 33.
At the end of 2010, car production had returned to levels before the crisis 34 35 Nine of the ten best-selling models in Russia in 2010 were produced in the country, with Avtovaz Lada models top the list 34 in the first 7 months of 2010, car sales increased 60 Lada, the Korean KIA reported a whopping 101, and Chevrolet sales were up 15 36.
In 2010, Russia was 15 the world's largest producer of cars Russian automotive industry currently represents about 2 2010 automotive production worldwide 37.
The Russian car industry can be divided into four types of local brands producing companies, foreign OEM, joint ventures and Russian companies producing foreign brands 38 In 2008, manufacturing vehicles were 5445 enterprises and related equipment in Russia The volume production and sales amounted to 1,513 billion rubles 26.
The Lada Priora made by AvtoVAZ in 2009 was the best selling car in Russia.
The four most popular cars in Russia in 2009 were all models of AvtoVAZ Lada Priora Economic car topped the list with 84.779 units sold Lada Samara was second with 77.679 units sold in Russia, and the 2105 Lada Classic 2107 was third with sales of 57499 Lada 2105 was expected to significantly increase sales after the last car scrappage scheme launched in March 2010 upscale Lada Kalina is the fourth best-selling car in Russia in 2009, selling 52.499 units in year 39.
In the light commercial vehicle sector, GAZelle van, manufactured by GAS has been very popular, occupying a 49 market in 2009 and the sale of 42,400 units Reported Avtoperevozchik magazine GAZelle as the most successful car of 2009 on the Russian car market 40.
The van GAZelle, produced by GAZ is popular in the market for light commercial vehicles.
The largest company in the Russian automotive industry is in AVTOVAZ Togliatti It currently employs more than 130,000 people, and its Lada models dominate the Russian car market Avtovaz models represent approximately 50 of the total production of the car Russia 31.
Second largest Russian automaker Avtotor is located in Kaliningrad Oblast Avtotor performs SKD, CKD assembly or complete cycle of foreign models, such as BMW Kia and General Motors Cadillac and Chevrolet vehicles in 2009 Avtotor produced 60,000 cars and accounted for 10 Russian automobile production 31.
Avtoframos's third largest automaker, has produced 49,500 cars in 2009 The factory is located in the southeast part of the city of Moscow Avtoframos is a joint venture between Renault and the Moscow municipal government in France, but is owned mainly by Renault 31 The company manufactures models Renault Logan and Renault Sandero The report of the Russian-made parts is 54 expected to grow to 74 by 2012 41.
The fourth and fifth largest carmakers in Russia Volkswagen and Ford, respectively In total, five companies account Industry 80 of all cars manufactured in Russia 31.
Kamaz military truck mounted with the air defense system Pantsir-S1 Kamaz is the largest truck manufacturer in Russia.
In the heavy vehicle sector, the largest company is the truckmaker Kamaz It is also one of the largest companies in the whole of the Russian automotive industry in 2010, KAMAZ sold a total of 32.293 trucks; 28254 in Russia and 4039 in 42 foreign countries.
Another very important company GAZ making vans, trucks and buses, among other products, the most popular product is the GAZelle van, which has a 49 market share in the light commercial vehicle market in 2009, company launched an upgraded version, called business GAZelle in the bus sector, occupied a market share of gAS 77 It sold 6.169 buses in the small class, the middle class in 1806 and 1156 in the large class 40.
The largest manufacturer of tractors in Russia, and one of the biggest machine building companies in the world, causing concern Tractor Plants located in Cheboksary The company employs approximately 45,000 people.
The main building of the administration of AvtoVAZ in Togliatti.
The Russian automotive industry is an important economic sector It directly employs 600,000 people and supports about 2 3 million people in related industries 35 It is politically a very important part of the country's economy on the one hand, due to the large number of persons in employment and secondly, because many people rely on social services provided by the automotive companies such as well-being of the giant AvtoVAZ plant in Togliatti is massively important for the city or region of Samara Oblast Togliatti 43 is a typical monotown a city whose economy is dependent on a single company's plant employs about 100,000 people in the population of the city of 700000 44.
In 2009, former President Dmitry Medvedev Medvedev launched the modernization program aimed at diversifying the raw materials economy and Russian-dominated energy, transforming it into a modern high-tech economy based on innovation Thereafter the Russian car industry has been in the spotlight because of its large modernization potential.
Former Prime Minister and current President Vladimir Putin has taken a personal interest in the automotive industry In a symbolic gesture of support, Putin made a highly publicized trip on the new Amur highway in August 2010, driving 2165 kilometers in a Lada Kalina Sport 45 Putin described the car as excellent, even beyond my expectations, and praised as comfortable and almost noiseless 46 event was to demonstrate their support for AvtoVAZ, which is recovering from the severe economic crisis 47.
The Scientific Institute Automotive Motor NAMI Founded in 1920 and located in Moscow, he created the first Soviet car NAMI-I, which was produced original in a few state-Spartak car plant in Moscow between 1927 and 1931, 48 and has played a key role in the development of most Soviet vehicles Today it is committed in creating cars that respect the environment innovative, integrated engineering, standardization and certification 49.
NAMI NAMI Proving Ground NITsIAMT Founded in 1964, located in Dmitrov is the largest organization of research and specialized testing in Russia and Europe which conducts research into automotive safety, aerodynamics, vibro-acoustics, ergonomics performs extensive road tests of prototypes of programs and production vehicles, automotive systems and vehicle parts to make them comply with current and future regulatory requirements and improve their characteristics the test site includes a variety of roads with different types of coatings, crash tests for devices, a wind tunnel, a vibroacoustic camera, a test bench engine, and a chamber 50 corrosion.
Automotive Industry in Russia, automotive, industry, russia.