1950 German automotive industry
Being home to the modern car, the German automotive industry is considered the most competitive and innovative in the world, 1 and has the third largest automobile production in the world, 2 and fourth generation of motor vehicles total more high with annual production nearly six million and a share of the 35 European Union 6, 2008.
Germany is the absolute leader in automotive production in Europe since the 1960s citation needed.
Replica of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen built in 1885.
Germany is considered the cradle of the automobile, as motor cars pioneer Karl Benz and Nikolaus Otto independently developed internal combustion four-stroke engines in the 1870s, with mounting Benz design a coach in 1887 , which led to the modern day automobile in 1901, Germany produced about 900 cars a year 3 in 1926, Daimler-Benz was formed from the predecessors of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler and produces cars under the brand Mercedes-Benz in 1916, BMW was founded, but didn t start car production until 1928.
US economist Robert A Brady widely documented rationalization movement that shaped the German industry in the 1920s, and although his general model of motion applied to the automotive industry, the sector was in poor health in recent years of development slow the Weimar Republic Germany industry left the market open for the major US automakers such as General Motors, which took over the German company Opel in 1929, and the Ford motor company that kept the German subsidiary with early success Ford-Werke in 1925 4.
The collapse of the global economy during the Great Depression in the early 1930s plunged the automotive industry of Germany in a serious crisis While eighty-six auto companies had existed in Germany during 1920, barely twelve survived the depression, including Daimler-Benz Opel and Ford's Cologne plant in addition, four of the Horch Dampf Kraft Wagen DKW, Wanderer and Audi major automakers in the country formed a joint venture called Auto Union in 1932, which was to play a leading role in the return to Germany of depression 5.
The turnaround for the German automotive industry has arrived in the mid-1930s after the election of the Nazi party to power, the Nazis established a policy known Motorisierung the name of engine, a transport policy that Adolf Hitler himself -even considered a key element in the attempt to legitimize the Nazi government in increasing the population level of life in addition to development and expansion of major road projects that saw the completion of the first Autobahn in 1935, the Volkswagen project was also designed to design and build a car of strong people, but cheap, the product of which was the Volkswagen Beetle launched in 1937 a new city called Wolfsburg from 1945 was developed around the plant to house his huge workforce 4.
At the end of World War II most auto plants were destroyed or seriously damaged Germany needed debt relief The London Agreement on German External Debts of 1953 provided that the repayments were due only in East Germany West has a trade surplus, and that refunds were limited to 3 export earnings to creditors This gave Germany a strong incentive to import German goods, help rebuild the automotive industry 6 in Moreover, the eastern part of Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union, which has dismantled much of the equipment that was left behind and returned to the Soviet Union as war reparations Some manufacturers, like Maybach car and Adler began again, but do not keep making cars the producti facilities the Volkswagen Beetle Type 1 is Volkswagen in Wolfsburg continued to make in 1945, a car which she had intended to do before the war as the KdF-Wagen, except that the plant was converted to produce military truck during the w ar in 1955 VW had a million Volkswagen Beetles and in 1965 had built 10 million because it has gained popularity in export markets and the domestic market other manufacturers Car rebuilt their factories and slowly resumed production, with initial models mainly based on pre -war designs Mercedes-Benz resumed production in 1946 with the pre-war designed 170 series in 1951, they introduced the 220 series which came with a more modern engine, and the 300 series Opel revived prewar cars Opel Olympia in 1947 and the Opel Kapitän 1948 Toolings for the Opel Kadett were taken by the Soviets and used for fair e the Moskvitch 400-420, which had resumed production of trucks in 1945, began building the Ford Taunus prewar Porsche in 1948 began production of their sports car Porsche 356 in 1948, and replaced it with Porsche 911 in their long-term in 1964 that remains in production for over 50 years and several incarnations later.
Automakers in East Germany after the war included Eisenacher Motorenwerk EMW, who also made the car Wartburg and VEB Sachsenring Zwickau Automobilwerke who made the IFA F8 derived from DKW F8 and status of Trabant of Germany East as a communist country reflected the relatively primitive design and refinement of these cars, but they both still in production until early 1990, shortly after the fall of communism and German reunification .
Initial production by EMW after the war were models that were essentially pre-war BMW 326 and BMW 327 models, such as the Eisenach plant was once owned by BMW.
In the years 1950 to the end of the car Bubble became popular BMW was the largest manufacturer, the BMW Isetta and BMW 600 Other brands included the Messerschmitt KR175 and KR200 Heinkel Kabine and Zündapp Janus Microcars such as Goggomobile Glas 600 BMW 700 and Lloyd were also popular, however, the concept car Bubble was abandoned by 1970.
In the late 1950s, BMW developed financial difficulties and control of the company was acquired by the family Quandt BMW acquired Glas in 1966. In 1961, the carmaker Borgward, including Goliath and Lloyd went bankrupt in 1958 Auto Union was acquired by Daimler AG, but in turn it was sold in stages 1964-1966 Volkswagen AG that the DKW brand ended and the name Audi was resurrected in 1969, Volkswagen AG acquired developer NSU Motorenwerke Wankel engine and it merged with Auto Union, NSU plate but disappeared in 1977 during the production of the rotary engine Ro80 sedan European car of the year at its launch 10 years ago was arrested largely due to disappointing sales and a poor reputation for reliability.
Volkswagen has faced great financial difficulties in the early 1970s; with its aging Beetle still selling strongly worldwide, but has had less success its newest models However, the company then experienced a revival with the arrival of the popular Passat in 1973, Golf Polo in 1974 and in 1975 - all these cars featured the new provision of traction tailgate before that enjoyed a rise in popularity across Europe after its first patented by Renault of France with the R16 in 1965 the Polo was new entry model range of Volkswagen and aimed directly at small modern hatchbacks like the Fiat 127 and Renault 5 Golf midrange was considered the car to eventually replace the Beetle and was easily the first popular sedan of this size in Europe which leads to most of the major automobile manufacturers of similar size sedan in early 1980 the production of the Beetle in Germany ended in 1978, although i l continues to produce in Mexico and Brazil until 2003, with a small number of models imported into Germany and the rest of Europe during his f Inal 25 The Passat has been marketed as a more advanced alternative to cars traditional largest sedan like the Ford Taunus Cortina Opel Ascona sold in Britain from 1975 as Vauxhall Cavalier and Renault 12.
The 1974 Scirocco coupe has also been successful in the market for smaller sports cars, competing against the likes of the Ford Capri and Opel Manta Its sister company Audi has also recovered thanks to the success of the 100 launched range in 1968 and the smallest 80 launched in 1972 and elected European car of the year two new Audi models feature front-wheel drive Volkswagen Polo was actually a rebadged version of the Audi 50, Audi but the original was a salesman more slower than that Volkswagen has given birth and was available only in certain markets.
Volkswagen and Audi both increased more and more in popularity in foreign markets in the 1970s and this continued throughout 1980, Audi launched a large living well received model, the Audi 100 1968 and followed four years later with the smaller Audi 80 winner of the European car of the year for 1973 in 1980, Audi has moved into the sports car market with front-wheel drive coupe and four-wheel drive version high performance, the Quattro system the Quattro four-wheel drive was later passed on models Audi sedan.
During the 1970s and early 1980s, built General Motors Opel with the British Vauxhall brand so that the drawings were shared with the only difference being the name face fierce competition from designs updates to Volkswagen, General Motors moved to a front wheel drive sedan in 1979 with the latest version of the Opel Kadett, followed in 1981 by a new Ascona which retained the name Vauxhall Cavalier Ford for the UK market, which had operations in Britain, Spain and Belgium, and its factory in Cologne, West Germany also entered the market with the hatchback Fiesta 1976 Escort 1980 Sierra 1982 and even luxury Scorpio 1985 that Sierra and Scorpio were finally available with a sedan body style, and Ford introduced the Orion living based Escort in 1983.
BMW and Mercedes-Benz remained committed to pull back on its saloons and coupes started during these years BMW, however, has expanded its model range further in the 1980s and early 1990s BMW 3 Series Original launched in 1975, was sold as a two-door sedan or convertible the second generation model launched in 1982, however, was finally available also a four-door sedan and five-door, and in the 1990s, the third range models generation eventually included a three-door hatchback and the BMW 5 Series mid-range model launched in 1972, was sold as a four-door sedan for the first two generations, but a third-generation model was available as a series 1991.
The western Germany was much more advanced technically against the East over 4 million against 5200 thousand annual production of motor vehicles in the 1980s, with the break ending with the reunification of Germany in 1990 .
During the 1980s and 1990s, the German automotive industry engaged in significant acquisitions and international expansion worldwide Besides the direct export, German manufacturers found or purchased plants in Europe, Asian countries , Latin America and the United States, even the car industry Mexico Brazil China Turkey some Eastern European post-socialist acquired by German investment in an important part.
Volkswagen has set up a joint venture with the Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation in 1984 called Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive, and in 1990 created FAW-Volkswagen to produce VWs and Audis in China VW also acquired SEAT of Spain in 1986 Škoda Czechoslovakia in 1991, improving the model ranges of these manufacturers and help increase their significant market share in Europe Volkswagen Polo had even moved production to a SEAT plant in Spain after the acquisition of SEAT and SEAT Ibiza 1993 is the basis for new Polo in the following year.
VW has also made use of its components across the different brands; for example, by 2000, the floor of the Volkswagen Golf, for example, had given birth to the Audi A3 Audi TT SEAT Toledo Seat Leon Skoda Octavia and Volkswagen Bora.
In 1998, VW has moved to the end of luxury and supercar market and acquired Bentley in Britain and Bugatti and Lamborghini Marqués Italy.
BMW acquired Rover UK group in 1994, but major losses led to its sale in 2000. However, BMW retained the Mini brand name for a line of new cars, all built in Britain in 2001 during 1990, BMW opened a sport utility vehicle production plant in Spartanburg County, South BMW Carolina also acquired the name Cars Rolls-Royce Motor, starting in 2003, and in the same year created a joint venture in China named BMW Brilliance Daimler-Benz entered what was originally called a merger of equals with Chrysler Corporation in 1998, however, cultural differences and operating losses led to its dissolution in 2007 although Daimler-Benz has kept Chinese joint venture of Chrysler, renamed Beijing Benz the company also launched Smart in 1998 and revived the Maybach brand in 2002 also in 1990 They opened a production center for SUV in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama September 10, 11.
On July 5, 2012, Volkswagen AG announced an agreement with Porsche resulting in full ownership of Porsche on 1 August 2012 case was classified as a restructuring rather than a VW takeover due to the transfer of a single action As part of the deal Volkswagen AG paid Porsche shareholders 5 61 billion for the 50 other one it did not own on December 13.
At present, five German companies and seven brands dominate the auto industry in the country Volkswagen AG and its subsidiaries Audi and Porsche, BMW AG, Daimler AG Adam Opel AG and Ford-Werke GmbH Nearly six million vehicles are produced each year in Germany, and about 5 5 million are produced abroad by German marks 14 a side of the United States in China and Japan, Germany is one of the top four automakers in the world 15 the Volkswagen Group is one of the three largest car companies in the world with Toyota and General Motors.
The Chevrolet Volt and GM Voltec powertrain technology was invented and developed primarily by former German engineer Frank Weber Opel and today some of the most important parts of the development of GM's electric vehicles is Germany 16.
Automotive Industry in Germany, automotive, industry, Germany, featured front-wheel drive.