FATA Automated Parking Systems: 1 Parking, 5 Systems
This article is about a robotic parking for a self-parking for one vehicle, see automatic parking.
APS automatic parking system is a mechanical system designed to minimize the surface or volume required for parking cars as a multi-storey car APS has parking for cars on several levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking and minimize land use APS, however, uses a mechanical system for the transport of cars and parking spaces rather than the driver to eliminate much of wasted space in a parking garage multistage 1 While a multi storey car park is similar to several parking lots stacked vertically, APS is more similar to a storage and automatic retrieval system for cars 1 Paternoster shown animated on the right is an example of one of the oldest types and the most common of APS APS 2 are generically known by a variety of names, including.
Automatic parking system not to be confused with the assistance systems in car parking.
Automatic storage AVSRS vehicle recovery system.
The concept for the automated parking system was and is driven by two factors needs parking spaces and a shortage of land available The first use of APS was in Paris, France in 1905 at the Garage Rue de Ponthieu 2 APS consisted of a revolutionary 2 concrete structure with a multi-stage lift inside vehicle at higher levels where agents parked cars 3.
In the 1920s, a large APS-as wheel for cars rather than people called a Paternoster system has become popular because it could park eight cars in the floor space normally used for parking of two cars 3 Single Mechanically with a small footprint, the Paternoster was easy to use in many places, including inside buildings simultaneously, automatic Kent Garages APS installed with capacities exceeding more than 1 000 cars 4.
The first garage opened in 1951 driverless Washington, D C., but was replaced by offices due to the increase in property values 5.
APS has seen a resurgence of interest in the US in the 1940s and 1950s with Bowser, Pigeon hole and systems Roto Park 2 In 1957, 74 Bowser, Pigeon hole systems were installed, 2, and some of these systems remain operating However, interest in the APS in the US faltered due to frequent mechanical problems and long waits for customers to retrieve their cars 6 in the UK, opened the automatic stacker in 1961 Woolwich southeast of London, but has proven equally difficult to operate interest to APS in the United States was renewed in the 1990s, and there are 25 major current and planned projects representing nearly APS 6000 parking spaces in 2012 7 The first American robot Garage opened in 2002 in Hoboken, New Jersey 8.
If the interest for APS in the United States languished until the 1990s, 2 Europe, Asia and Central America have been the most technically advanced APS system since the 1970 3 In early 1990, nearly 40,000 parking spaces were constructed using the annual APS Paternoster 3 in Japan in 2012, an estimated 6 million to 1 APS parking spaces in Japan 2.
The growing scarcity of urbanization of available urban land and increasing the number of cars in the motorization use combined with sustainable development and other quality of life issues 2 9 to renew interest in the APS as alternatives to parking garages in the multi-storey car parks and parking Street 2.
Currently, the largest APS Europa Aarhus in Denmark and has 1,000 parking spaces in 20 car 10 lifts.
All APS benefit of a common concept for decreasing the surface parking spaces - remove the driver and passengers of the car before it was parked either fully automatic or semi-automatic APS, the car is driven up an APS entry point and the driver and passengers out of the car the car is moved automatically or semi-automatically with a necessary action to its parking space attendant.
The economy of space provided by APS, in relation to parking garage several floors, mainly due to a significant reduction in the space are not directly related to parking the car.
Width of the parking space and depth and the distances between the parking spaces are greatly reduced since no allowance should be made to drive the car into the parking space or for opening car doors for drivers and passengers.
No tracks or driving ramps are necessary to drive the car to the entrance out of a parking space.
The ceiling height is minimized because there is no driver pedestrians and passengers in the parking area and.
No walkways, stairs are needed or lifts to accommodate pedestrians in the parking lot.
With the elimination of ramps, taxiways, pedestrians and reducing the height of the ceilings, APS requires significantly less structural material than the parking garage multistage Many APS use a certain steel frame using thin slabs concrete rather than the monolithic design concrete garage multistage These factors contribute to a reduction in overall volume and additional space savings for APS 7.
In addition to saving space, many APS models offer a number of side benefits.
Parked cars and their contents are safer because there is no public access to the parked cars 11.
Parking minor damage such as scratches and bumps are eliminated.
Drivers and passengers are safer not having to walk in the parking lots or garages 12.
Driving around looking for a parking space is eliminated, reducing engine emissions 11.
Only ventilation and minimum lighting required 3.
The impact on the volume and visual parking structure is minimized 11.
There have been a number of problems with the robotic systems of parking 13 14.
Problems with automated parking garages are three reasons 1 and 2 planning techniques Bad 3 guest parking.
Most problems with automated parking garages are not technical Architects can be blinded by the large number of cars on a very limited space and decide to use the mechanical parking system, but they are not suitable for their application and manufacturers are sometimes happy to make the sale, even if they should consult their clients better the main reason dissatisfied customers is the result of poor planning.
Mechanical car parks are an excellent solution for applications with a relatively balanced flow, such as shopping centers, train stations, etc. Most can manage peaks during rush hour in the morning and evening pretty well, but they are not recommended for the volume of hours of high peak, so if you install a mechanical parking en theater or stadium, the difficulty is pre-programmed a large peak in the morning and another at night without much between not suitable for automated parking.
A thorough analysis of the traffic model is essential.
Finally many delays are caused by the confusion that comes when Parkers know no first use this type of system 15.
Fully automated parking systems work as valet parking robot 16 The driver drove the car into an inlet zone transfer PSA The driver and all passengers out of the car the driver uses a nearby automatic payment terminal and receiving a ticket when the driver and passengers left the entrance area, the mechanical system lifts the car and transported in a predetermined parking space in the fully automated APS get more sophisticated cars dimensions to entry to place them in the smallest available parking space.
The driver gets a car by inserting a ticket or a code in an automated terminal APS raises his car parking space and it offers an exit zone more often recovered the car was directed to eliminate the need for driver back.
APS fully automated theoretically eliminates the need for parking officers.
APS semiautomatic also use a mechanical system of a certain type of move a car in his parking space, but put the car in and or operation of the system requires action by an attendant or the driver.
The choice between fully automatic and semi-APS is often a matter of space and cost but a large capacity of 100 cars tend to be completely automated.
Under their systems relatively small volumes and mechanized parking, APS are often used in places where a multi storey car park would be too big, too expensive or impractical July 17 Examples of such applications include, under or inside structures existing and new, between existing structures and irregularly shaped areas.
APS can also be applied in similar situations in the multi-storey parking garages such as free installation above ground, under the buildings above ground and under the buildings underground.
The direct cost comparison between APS and a multi storey car park can be complicated by many variables such as capacity, the cost of land, the shape of the area, the number and location of entrances and exits, the land use, local codes and regulations, parking fees, location and the aesthetic and environmental requirements.
7 Here is a comparison of costs for generic APS construction and parking garages with several floors.
In this case study, APS also provides approximately 7,000 square feet of additional open space in relation to the multi storey car park that offers no open space and requires minimal use withdrawals Other References 2 March 17, 19 also indicate that the cost comparison between APS and parking garages multistage strongly depends on the application and detailed design.
The trend for automated parking systems is towards greater capacity, fully automatic systems 3 This requires a major advance in the technology of semi-automated 3 Automated parking systems providers include Klaus Multiparking, Parking Robotic Systems USA, Park plus USA, Westfalia Technologies USA, Otto Wöhr Germany STOPA Germany, Europe Westfalia Germany Lödige products Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland 5BY2 Parking Skyline.
Automated parking system, automated parking system.