PESTLE Analysis | MakeMyAssignments.Com Tutorials
Published 23 March 23 2015 Last Edited March 2015.
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Two of the most famous writers Goethe and Schiller from Germany, identified the most central aspect of German history with their poetic lament, Germany But where I do not find this country until 1871, there was no Germany instead, the German-European-speaking territories were divided into several hundred kingdoms, principalities, duchies, bishoprics and independent fiefs cities and villages.
Find the answer to the German question --what form of state for the German lands would arise, and that could provide in central Europe form with the peace and stability - defined over German history This story many independent polities found in the continuity of Germany's federal structure is also the basis of the decentralized nature of the political, economic and cultural German that lasts to this day.
The government is parliamentary, and a democratic constitution emphasizes the protection of individual liberty and the division of powers in a federal structure Premier Chancellor heads the executive branch of the federal government functions of the Head of State President are largely ceremonial; Chancellor exercises executive power Bundestag lower, the main chamber of parliament elects the Chancellor The president is normally elected every 5 years May 23 by the Federal Assembly, a body convened for this purpose only, including all of the Bundestag and an equal number of CDU was elected June 30, 2010 - State delegates President Christian Wulff Christian Democratic Union.
The Bundestag, which has a term of 4 years, consists of at least twice the number of electoral districts in the country 299 When parties seats directly elected exceed their proportional representation, they can receive seats The number of seats the Bundestag has been reduced to 598 for the 2002 elections the high or federal Council chamber consists of 69 members who are delegates from 16 states the legislature the powers of jurisdiction and exclusive concurrent jurisdiction with in areas specified in basic law the Bundestag has primary legislative or federal Council upper chamber must agree on legislation concerning revenue shared by the federal and state responsibilities and requiring states.
Germany has an independent federal judiciary consisting of a Constitutional Court, high court and jurisdiction in administrative, financial, labor and social affairs The highest court is the Federal Constitutional Court, which provides interpretation uniform constitutional provisions and protects the fundamental rights of the citizen within the meaning of the basic law is May 23, 1949 constitution of the United Germany October 3, 1990.
The main political parties of the Social Democratic Party SPD; UDC Christian Democratic Union; Christian Social Union CSU; Alliance 90 Green; FDP Liberal Democratic Party; Left Party LP.
The German economy, the 5th largest economy in the world and the largest in Europe is one of the leading exporters of machinery, vehicles, chemicals and household equipment and the advantages of the strength of the labor highly skilled.
Modernization and embark on the integration of the economy where unemployment is German can exceed 20 in some municipalities continues to be costly in the long term process of annual transfers from west to east amounting in 2008 about $ 12 billion.
The reform launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder from 1998 to 2005.
Fight against unemployment and low average growth chronically high.
This has resulted in strong growth and falling unemployment in 2006-07.
Reunification new low unemployment station 7. 8
Chancellor Angela Merkel the biggest challenge was to fight against the recession.
Moderate increase in unemployment in a recession down healthy 2008-09 and GDP fell by almost 5 in 2009, but increased of 3 3.
Germany managed to slipped out of the recession largely to manufacturing orders and exports rebounding mainly outside the euro area.
Stimulus and stabilization efforts launched in 2008 and 2009 tax cuts.
Results for the second quarter increased German budget deficit to 3 3 to 6 in 2009 and 3 in 2010.
The economy follows the principles of the free market with a significant degree of government regulation and generous welfare programs and protection The state plays a role in the economy, subsidizing some sectors and maintaining ownership of certain segments of the economy, while promoting competition and free enterprise.
Economic life in Germany is more international in nature than in most other major industrialized countries one in three euros in Germany is generated by exports; nearly one in four jobs depends on exports.
Annual Growth in 2010 May 3 EST; 2009 - 4 7; , 2008 1. 7
Corn products, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, barley, hops, viticulture, forestry, fishing.
Automotive-type structure; mechanical, electrical and precision mechanics; chemical products; environmental technology; optical; medical technology; biotechnology and genetic engineering; nanotechnology; aerospace; logistics.
Trade Exports- 2009 1 124 trillion chemical products, motor vehicles, iron and steel products, manufactured products, electrical products.
The main markets in 2009 -France, Netherlands, U S Imports-- 937 billion food, petroleum products, manufactured goods, electrical products, motor vehicles, of major clothing suppliers, the Netherlands, China, France.
Major cities capital Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt Essen Stuttgart Dortmund Düsseldorf Bremen Hanover.
Lowland terrain in the north; high plains, hills and basins in the center and east, in the mountainous Alpine region in the south.
Temperate climate, cooler and rainy a lot of the United States.
Growth rate of the population by year 2010 is 0053.
Ethnic groups in 2010 91 5 German, Turkish 2 4 6 Other 1 made largely of Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish; Danish minority in the north, the Sorbian Slavic minority in the east.
Protesting 34; Roman Catholic 34; Muslim 3 7; unaffiliated or other March 28.
Compulsory education to 10 years; attendance to 100; Culture-99.
Health Infant mortality rate 99 -3 2010 1000; life expectancy in 2010 82 42 -Women years, men 76 26.
Employed persons the second quarter of 2010 40 3000000.
German industry is very diverse and in many areas, it is a world leader.
The most important branch of economic activity in Germany, with traditionally a very significant share of total economic output, is the industry's 49,000 German industrial companies employ nearly 6 4 million employees Together they generate the turnover business of over EUR 1 3000000000000 98 percent of all German industrial companies are small or medium-sized enterprises with 500 employees or less.
Germany is the third largest car producer in the world, with more than 70 percent of vehicles produced here for export of machinery and plant construction, where most German industrial companies involved, is of importance exceptional international.
Germany is also a world leader in the chemical industry Moreover, among the most innovative industries in Germany with above average growth rates are those of technologies for the use of renewable energy and technology information and bio-technology.
There is a century with its chemical industry and world-leading framework of its greatest physicists, Germany was widely regarded as a technology heavyweight, but it was delayed in many areas of emerging technologies The German biotechnology industry, for example, started much too late, it barely existed until the mid-1990s and is still catching up with the field and while German universities make excellent research on nanotechnology, many fear that the country does not turn that basic science into products.
The greatest strength of Germany is its auto industry in the coming years, many emerging technologies, optical communication links Nanotech rials Matea, will find their way into the Techa cars nological innovation will be essential to create opportunities that will lead German carmakers and their suppliers on their current distress, especially German carmakers are betting on computer support systems that could make the safer and more comfortable ride.
The basic idea is that a car would map information from a variety of sensors, such as cameras and radars in a digital model of the surrounding traffic conditions In case of danger, the system will issue a warning to the driver in more advanced systems, vehicles can use wireless communications to inform each other in real time on the oil puddles, traffic jams, accidents or BMW is working on wireless networks for cars.
They set up prototypes of hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, car manufacturers in Germany are betting on the long-term view of fuel cell vehicles that consume late 1990s, after massive anti-nuclear protests, the government coalition social Democrats and Greens decided to shut down Germany's nuclear power plants by 2020, the country was instead committed to developing renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.
But if renewable energy sources can not contribute sufficiently to the production of German energy is much debated, hence the emergence of new nuclear option developers of so-called third generation of nuclear power say their technology is far less risky.
In the longer term, German researchers are world class basic science in fields ranging from science to German neuroscientists materials have biomedicine made important contributions to research in brain implants and in machine-brain interfaces  not invasive.
At present, six German companies dominate the auto industry in the country VW, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche six million vehicles are produced every year in Germany, and about 5 5 million are produced abroad by German brands  along Thea United States, Chinaâ anda Japan, Germany is one of the top four automakers in the world the Volkswagen group is one of the three largest automakers in the world along with Toyota Anda General Motors.
The administration of justice is divided into five branches ordinary courts, labor, administrative, social and financial.
The plaintiffs and the defendant may appeal against a court ruling.
The law of the Federal Republic of Germany applies to virtually all aspects of life.
Legal system of Germany was shaped by constitutional law, but is also influenced by the law of the European Union and by international law.
The body of federal laws now encompasses approximately 1,900 Acts and regulations 3000.
Laws are passed by the Bundestag, and decrees on the basis of laws promulgated by the federal government.
The law of the state is primarily concerned with issues such as schools and universities, the press, radio and television, as well as the police and the local government.
Legal stability attracts foreign companies and benefit of investment and entrepreneurship in Germany.
Business life in Germany is based on the principle of competition.
To control the unfair market behavior is the responsibility of the Federal Cartel Office of competition is also protected by law against unfair competition.
Trademarks and patents have a strong protection in Germany for Germany, the German Patent- and Trademark Office is responsible for these exporters in Germany, various aspects must be considered as customs and taxes, quality standards and the environment, competition rules and marks, etc.
The importer is responsible for the compensation elements to place the goods into circulation in Germany Imported goods must be accompanied by a customs declaration, which must be submitted in writing, and an invoice in duplicate As most Member States EU, Germany adheres to the standard metric quantities and qualities of products must be quoted in metric units or units derived from consumer protection and information are of fundamental importance, there are specific rules on product labeling, especially for food, that are related to the single European for the aspects of the security market for many types of products, Germany has created the federal Institute for risk assessment.
Industrialization has taken its toll on the environment of Germany, including that of the former GDR - Global Depositary Receipt.
Germany has 107 cu km of renewable water resources, of which 86 are used for industrial purposes.
Germany relies mainly on fossil fuels as energy sources.
Other energy sources, such as hydro, solar power plants, or wind turbines, are relatively unimportant.
Emissions from utilities and coal industries contribute to air pollution.
Acid rain from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests.
The pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; disposal of hazardous waste.
Also in 1994, 50 of the German forests were damaged by acid rain.
The concentration of lead gasoline Act reduced the lead content of gasoline in 1976.
Act Levies Effluency, effective January 1978, requires anyone discharging effluent into the river to pay a royalty calculated according to the amount and severity of the pollutant.
The government looked to a stricter enforcement of existing laws and technological improvements in engine design.
The polluter pays principle, emission standards established for the industry, agriculture and forestry, and utilities.
The government has established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear energy over the next 15 years.
Government to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU flora, fauna and the Habitats Directive.
Part study MPND OFA models comparative advantages among industrialized countries.
High quality strategy are several key conditions favorable factors.
A substantial scientific capacity to create knowledge.
These conditions have been created by the system of education in scientific, well-developed, government-sponsored, well developed, to academic research programs, and enterprise search investments These factors make Germany the leader in the improvement of existing industries.
Unions and employers are effectively involved in national decision making by centralized advanced groups that have strong control over their members.
Moderately corporatist regarding the treatment of national policies, but the unions have a key equal power to employers and the government.
The State pointed out the policies of the labor market to adopt the industry to changes in technology and market changes, especially for vocational education.
Germany lags behind the US in terms of starting new industries or Japan in the commercialization of new products.
Delay further the development of industries in areas such as service consumers and businesses, electronics and IT.
Very high tax rate on corporate and personal and difficult environmental laws have become a competitive disadvantage.
The condition of demand in Germany are very favorable to international success.
Its domestic market is the third in the world, comprising complex demanding consumers who expect a high level of quality and service.
The saturation of domestic markets has led, it is the industry to seek overseas markets, without the help of the colonies.
Thus, they are experienced, major competitors to scale in the development of market share in the expansion of international markets.
These are one of the highlights Germany as heavy industries suppliers started strong downstream industries.
For example, the international success in the chemicals and plastics products international success in pumps, liquid measurement and control instruments, plastics processing machinery, process control and heat exchangers and other related industries .
The weaknesses in the electronic and computer industries have undermined the international competitiveness in Germany in certain high-tech industries.
The German economy is very open and therefore results in a global competition has put pressure on the industrial structure including the deregulation of the labor market in Japan has been tried as a means to achieve the employer's flexibility but a force is the fact that German companies have long international right balance between competitiveness standard of living created by an extensive system of social protection, many industries have adopted niche strategies focusing on quality, innovation and differentiation.
Business strategy in Germany are favorable for international implementation in order to stabilize employment focuses on the share of long-term market rather than the short-term profit in the United States, Singapore and the UK.
The property is primarily by institutional owners such as banking and other companies.
Business financing is based credit banks while the stock market play a less important role.
Banks play a much larger role than the government to adjust the industrial structure to change.
Thea German car Industrya with 7 main competitors VW, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, Opel deliver intense competition in the domestic market and foreign markets where they compete but also lead the auto industry especially Japan which is having 9 major automotive giants like Suzuki Nissan etc. Give strong competition.
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A Pestle analysis of Germany, Germany, the German industrial companies, 23 March 2015.