History of manufacturing technology. Stone 3D printers.
What happened between the Rolls Royce Silver Ghost and the Smart.
100 years of history of the car is longer than the first car registration was posted on a wall image for the Middle East, which was created from 3200 BC The picture clearly shows a car with wheels solid wood later, Egypt estalished a huge team of horses fighting vehicles, although somewhat destroyed in the Red sea by Christian Bible Then cars evolved to battle cars terrifying Roman iron became more passengers commercial and freight cars in the 19th century, cars were still fed animal.
In 1770, the French Cugnot created the first steam car, however, the steam car had limited potential - heavy, slow and took a lot of time to preheat the water It was actually worse than the horse so that no not become popular.
Petrol cars finally appeared at the end of the 19th century In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz created internal combustion gasoline motorcycle and respectively 3 wheel of the car of Daimler was very raw, essentially a wooden bicycle installed with its own motor His son test drove Benz car's success appeared a few months later, but it included an advanced design such as lighting and battery-differential, but it could reach 8 mph because the engine produces less 1 c.
In 1886, Daimler has yet put its world-leading engine in a horse carriage, this became the first 4-wheel motor car in the world.
French carmaker Panhard Levassor created the first motor car before 1891, then made the first sedan car with a cabin closed four years later, what has become the norm until now.
In 1908, Henry Ford adopted the workflow method in the Model T, and significantly reduced the price of cars This opened the first page of mass production.
All steel body appeared in 1914 and became popular since the 20s.
In 1912, Cadillac invented starter motor since then not need more car boot someone to turn the winder motor, so women could lead their own.
In 1959, the British engineer Alexander Issigonis designed a revolutionary car called the Mini Minor, which has set the standard for small cars before driving In 1971, Volkswagen Golf awaken the popularity of small hatchbacks.
Enter the 80 electronics has given new life to modern cars Whatever the mechanical parts such as engine management system, ABS, luxury amenities, such as memory seats, central locking and production process CAD CAM design for example, electronics involved in almost all areas.
In the 90s, due to stricter regulations, the cars have become much more respectful of the security environment has also been greatly improved What's next century, who knows.
E ngine is the heart Car The first car engine was changed from industrial use internal combustion engine The first internal combustion engine was invented by Italian Barsanti and Matleucci in 1856, which was a machine fixed powered by coal gas, served in a train station.
In 1876, Otto was the first coal engine oil 4 stroke, which reduces fuel consumption up to 75 compared to the contemporary motor His student, Daimler, has created its own petrol engine in 1883, in two years, he raised the maximum engine rev 900 rpm, which is 4 times the Otto engine.
In 1885, the Benz engine adopted the battery, the coil and the spark plug ignition system.
In 1888, British Butler designed carburetor which was adopted in all cars for 100 years.
All motors were first one cylinder, the rotation of a large steering wheel to avoid misfiring Later multi-cylinder engines have been mostly fixed time from time to time, there were horizontally opposed engines line L ' introduction of small V-shaped engine the size of the engine bay a lot in the 30s, Porsche launched the layout halfway engine in its Auto Union GP, so the standard for modern sports cars .
Since the 30s, the power rose as high compression ratio, which led to the emergence of leaded petrol However, due to environmental protection, unleaded gasoline again dominated since the 90.
In the 60s, the hemispherical combustion chamber and head camshaft began to be popular in sports cars, they are now standard in every car.
Turbocharger appeared for the first time in Chevrolet Corvair 60s, which has 2 permit 2 liters output 150 hp However, the first used this technology was mature Porsche 911 turbo 3 0 1975 9000 Saab also incorporated in a multi-engine valves and successfully applied to mass production sedans.
4-valve technology appeared in 1912 in Peugeot GP racer, but until the 70s there were only a few European sports cars using Toyota learned Lotus technology and applied to mass production Corolla AE86 coupe in 1983 a few years later, the 4-valve engine has become the standard in mass production of Corolla and Honda Civic, then spreaded to other automakers in the next decade.
In 1970, the German company Bosch developed fuel injector, and then developed in the electronic management system Motronic engine, which integrated the fuel supply and ignition, in the 80s.
In addition, the Wankel rotary engine is the only non-piston engine has been invented by German Felix Wankel and Dr entered production in 1964 by NSU What problem reliability pity and fuel consumption has led to result that only Mazda still produced in small quantities.
In the 90s, due to the increased weight of the cars, boosters revived again in favor of torque at low pressure turbocharger system also appeared that his most competitors, the variable timing of the valves and variable intake manifold becoming more and more popular All optimize the torque spread and improve handling.
In the 90s, most of the development budget was spent to control emissions and improving energy efficiency - gasoline direct injection and common rail direct injection diesel were last highlighted.
G Earbox, drive shaft, differential and clutch are the transmission system The first car Benz changed speed using the belt to drive the different gears, very simple because the Daimler car 1889 invented clutch transmission friction and spinning gear, which is much more advanced, but the wheels were always driven by belt or chain, this has not been as strong and reliable as the drive shaft which was introduced Renault in 1898.
In 1929, Cadillac introduced the synchromesh transmission, but it was cylinderical sychronmesh Porsche 356 to become the world standard it still uses today.
Automatic transmission appeared in 1940 by General Motors.
Mini 1959 has turned the design of small cars by introducing transverse engine incorporated in the gearbox directly driving the front wheels, as a result, the engine compartment has been significantly reduced in size.
Enter the 80 development of the transmission suddenly accelerated - First, we saw Audi Quattro using its revolutionary 4WD WRC to win the title, so in 4 wheel drive are no longer dominated by all-terrain vehicles then appeared somewhat automatic computerized same integrated fuzzy logic to learn your usual driving, Subaru CVT pioneer, semi-automatic gearbox Porsche Tiptronic s, traction control, sequential manual, semi-automatic buttons.
S uspensions emerged from the horse transport age, were spring steel eclipstic with limited shock absorbing capacity and even close to zero depreciation However, these suspensions were postponed to early cars Although a French car passed the first independent front suspension in 1898, it was after the Second World War as the independent front suspensions became popular even later, was back - it was not widely adopted until the 70's.
Citroën used to be the leader in suspension technology it introduced all-wheel pneumatic-hydraulic independent suspension in the 1948 2CV adjustable ride height is then added using gas in the DS 1955 In 1989, Citroën made another breakthrough by launching Hydractive semi active system in the sedan XM, this embedded computer and sensors to change the stiffness set automatically depending on road conditions and the speed 5 years later, the system Activa Xantia also incorporated anit bar active -rouleau to correct the roll in cornering.
In 1999, Mercedes has a similar function activates completely different body control system if implemented in the CL coupe.
L ittle revolutions were made in the first used car brakes bicycle brakes, which was activated by steel son In 1902, Renault invented drum brakes, then it became popular in the front wheels even Lancester disc brakes invented in the same year, but failed to be popular as his other radical ideas in 1921, assisted hydraulic brakes appeared to save the foot effort late 20s saw the popularity of the 4 wheel brakes since the 60s, racing gradually transferred to ventilated discs at the use of the road, then with crossword exercises, then with 4-piston calipers and brackets will double in late 80s, most sedans were installed with disc brakes and 4-wheel ABS.
In the 90s, Mercedes-invented brake assist which reduces pedal effort and improved braking response Venturi became the first car manufacturer to adopt carbon fiber drive in the road car, but not very successful however, Porsche has developed a handy ceramic brake disc in 1999.
E arliest tires were made of solid rubber Dunlop introduces air filled tires in 1888, significantly improved shock absorption and weight In 1948, Michelin created radial tires that have improved adhesion lot, especially wetland in 1972, Dunlop invented safety tire, which has no inner flat tire Where elevated temperature solidize componsite the liquid flowing into the hole and the hole closed since the safety tire has become the norm.
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